16th century

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Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais, illustrated by Gustave Doré in 1873

Winter (1573) by Arcimboldo

Born two years before Leonardo da Vinci, Hieronymus Bosch's work is radically different from his better known contemporary, the first exemplifies Italian Renaissance, the second Northern Renaissance.

Born two years after Hieronymus Bosch, Leonardo da Vinci's work is far less transgressive than his lesser known contemporary, the first exemplifies Northern Renaissance, the second Italian Renaissance.

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Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 through 1600.

The Renaissance, which started in Italy in the previous two century spreads all over Europe.
General effects of the inventing of the printing press in the previous century.
Anti-clericalism is one of the major popular forces underlying the reformation
The Huguenot, members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France were a counterculture avant la lettre.
During the century, in the visual arts the High Renaissance gave way to Mannerism
Rise of the Puritans in the United Kingdom
Gargantua and Pantagruel is published. Written by François Rabelais. There is much crudity and scatological humor as well as a large amount of violence.
Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings in the world.
The Reformation sought to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe. Many western Christians were troubled by what they saw as corruption within the Church, particularly involving the teaching and sale of indulgences.
Medieval theatre gives way to Renaissance theatre with Morality plays and Everyman plays
Towards the end of the century the Geocentric modelis gradually replaced by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler.
Amadis de Gaula, a landmark work among the knight-errantry Romances formed the earliest reading of many Renaissance and Baroque writers.
See 16th century in literature

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 [[Image:Illustration by Gustave Doré, 1873.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]]'' by [[François Rabelais]], illustrated by [[Gustave Doré]] in [[1873]]]]
-[[Image:Joos van Cleve Flower (detail).jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Flower]]'' ([[16th century]]) by [[Joos van Cleve]] from ''[[Madonna and Child]]'']]
 [[Image:Winter by Arcimboldo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Winter]]'' ([[1573]]) by [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo|Arcimboldo]]]]
 [[Image:Hell.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Born two years before [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Hieronymus Bosch]]'s work is [[radical]]ly different from his better known contemporary, the first exemplifies [[Italian Renaissance]], the second [[Northern Renaissance]].]]