December 21  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-* [[69]] - [[Year of the four emperors]]: Following [[Galba]], [[Otho]] and [[Vitellius]], [[Vespasian]] becomes the fourth [[Emperor of Rome]] within a year. 
-*[[1620]] - [[Plymouth Colony]]: [[William Bradford (1590-1657)|William Bradford]] and the ''[[Mayflower]]'' [[Pilgrims]] land on what is now known as [[Plymouth Rock]] in [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]]. 
-*[[1844]] - The [[Rochdale Pioneers]] commence business at their [[cooperative]] in [[Rochdale, England]], starting the [[Cooperative movement]]. 
-*[[1861]] - [[Medal of Honor]]: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President [[Abraham Lincoln]]. 
-*[[1865]] - [[Kappa Alpha Order]] is founded under the name of Phi Kappa Chi at Washington College (now [[Washington and Lee University]]) in [[Lexington, Virginia]]. 
-*[[1872]] - [[Challenger expedition]]: ''[[HMS Challenger (1858)|HMS Challenger]]'', commanded by Captain [[George Nares]], sails from [[Portsmouth]]. 
-*[[1883]] - The first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army are formed: [[The Royal Canadian Dragoons]] and [[The Royal Canadian Regiment]] 
-*[[1912]] - The movie ''[[Das Mirakel (1912 film)|Das Mirakel]]'' premiered in [[Germany]]. 
-*[[1913]] - [[Arthur Wynne]]'s "word-cross", the first [[crossword puzzle]], is published in the ''[[New York World]]''. 
-*[[1917]] - [[Meiji Dairies]], a Japanese dairy industry company, is founded. 
-*[[1936]] - First flight of the [[Junkers (Aircraft)|Junkers]] [[JU-88]] bomber prototype. 
-*[[1937]] - The film ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' is premiered at the [[Carthay Circle Theater]] in [[Los Angeles]]. 
-*[[1958]] - [[French presidential election, 1958]]: [[Charles de Gaulle]] is elected [[President of France]] as his [[Union des Démocrates pour la République]] party gain 78.5% of the vote. 
-*[[1962]] - [[Rondane National Park]] is established as [[Norway]]'s first [[national park]]. 
-*[[1967]] - [[Louis Washkansky]], the first man to undergo a heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, after living for 18 days. 
-*[[1968]] - [[Apollo program]]: ''[[Apollo 8]]'', the first manned mission to the moon, is launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]] in [[Florida]]. At 2h:50m:37s Mission elapsed time (MES), the crew performs the first ever manned [[Trans Lunar Injection]] and become the first humans to leave the Earth's [[gravity field]]. 
-*[[1970]] - [[Elvis Presley]] meets with President [[Richard Nixon]] to discuss the [[war on drugs]]. 
-*[[1970]] - The [[F-14 Tomcat]] flies for the first time. 
-*[[1971]] - The [[United Nations Security Council]] chooses [[Kurt Waldheim]] to succeed [[U Thant]] as [[United Nations Secretary-General|Secretary-General]]. 
-*[[1973]] - The [[Geneva Conference (1973)|Geneva Conference]] on the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]] opens. 
-*[[1979]] - [[Lancaster House Agreement]]: An independence agreement for [[Rhodesia]] is signed in [[London]] by [[Lord Carrington]], Sir [[Ian Gilmour]], [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Joshua Nkomo]], Bishop [[Abel Muzorewa]] and Dr S C Mundawarara. 
-*[[1987]] - The passenger ferry ''[[Doña Paz]]'' sinks after colliding with the oil tanker ''Vector 1'' in the Tablas Strait in the [[Philippines]], killing 1,565. 
-*[[1988]] - A bomb explodes on board [[Pan Am flight 103]] over [[Lockerbie]], [[Dumfries and Galloway]], Scotland, killing 270. 
-*[[1991]] - [[Charilaos Florakis]] is elected honorary president of the [[Communist Party of Greece]]. 
-*[[1992]] - A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[DC-10]], flight [[Martinair MP 495]], crashes at [[Faro Airport (Portugal)]], killing 56 people. 
-*[[1994]] - A [http://gothamist.com/2006/02/13/subway_bombing.php homemade bomb] goes off on the [[4 (New York City Subway service)|# 4 train]] on [[Fulton Street]] in [[New York City]]. 
-*[[1995]] - The city of [[Bethlehem]] passes from [[Israel|Israeli]] to [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian]] control. 
-*[[1999]] - The [[Spanish Civil Guard]] intercepts a van loaded with 950 [[kg]] of explosives that [[ETA]] intended to use to blow up [[Torre Picasso]] in [[Madrid]]. 
-<!-- the world will not end in 2012 and any references to it WILL be deleted--> 
==Births== ==Births==

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