Duke of Orléans
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- | ''[[The Erotic History of France]]''[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Erotic_History_of_France] is a book by [[Henry L. Marchand]] published by [[Panurge Press]]. It deals with [[French erotica]] and | ||
- | [[French erotic literature]] in general. | ||
- | Keywords: [[erotic literature]], [[Gamiani]], [[Crebillon]], [[brothel]], [[tribadic]], [[panurgic]], [[Brantome]], [[Priapus]], [[fabliaux]], [[history of France]], [[Rabelais]], [[Mirabeau]], [[prostitute]], [[Marquis de Sade]], [[eroticism]], [[obscene]], [[Heptameron]], [[Voisenon]], [[Duke of Orleans]], [[Anti-Justine]] | + | '''Duke of Orléans''' (''Duc d'Orléans'') was one of the highest ranking titles of the [[Peerage of France|French peerage]] and dates back to the 14th century. Known as [[Prince#Prince of the blood|princes of the blood]] (''princes du sang''), the title of Duke of Orleans was exclusive to [[prince]]s of the nearest collateral line of the [[French royal family|royal family]]; thus they constituted a junior branch of the ruling house, second in seniority only to members of the primary line. |
+ | |||
+ | During the period of the ''[[ancien régime]]'' the holder of the title often assumed a political role. The Orléans came to the throne with [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] (15th century). [[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans|Louis Philippe II]], fifth Duke of Orleans, contributed to the destruction of the ancien regime. At the head of a retrospectively named 'Orleanist' faction centred on the Palais Royal, he contested the authority of his cousin [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] in the adjacent Louvre. It was ''his'' son who would eventually ascend the throne in 1830 following the July Revolution as [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis-Philippe]] I, King of France. The descendants of the family are the [[Orléanist]] [[pretender]]s to the French throne, and the title has been used by several members of the House. The holder of the title held the style of [[Serene Highness]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==House of Valois== | ||
+ | ===First creation (1344)=== | ||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans|Philip of Valois]]'''<br />1344–1375 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Blason Philippe de France (1336-1375) duc d'Orléans.svg|100px]] | ||
+ | || July 1, 1336 -<br />September 1, 1376 | ||
+ | || [[Philip VI of France]]<br />[[Joan the Lame]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Second creation (1392)=== | ||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orléans|Louis I]]'''<br />1372–1407 | ||
+ | || [[Image:LouisOrlean ChristinaPisan.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || March 13, 1372 -<br />November 23, 1407 | ||
+ | || [[Charles V of France]]<br />[[Joanna of Bourbon]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Charles, Duke of Orléans|Charles I]]'''<br />1407–1465 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Charles Ier d'Orléans.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || November 24, 1394 -<br />January 5, 1465 | ||
+ | ||[[Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orléans|Louis I, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Valentina Visconti]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis XII of France|Louis II]]'''<br />1465–1515 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Ludvig XII av Frankrike på målning från 1500-talet.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || June 27, 1462 -<br />January 1, 1515 | ||
+ | || [[Charles, Duke of Orléans|Charles I, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Marie of Cleves]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Third creation (1519)=== | ||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Henry II of France|Henry I]]'''<br />1519–1536 | ||
+ | || [[File:Henry II of France..jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || March 31, 1519 –<br />July 10, 1559 | ||
+ | || [[Francis I of France]]<br />[[Claude of France]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans|Charles II]]'''<br />1536–1545 | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | || January 22, 1522 –<br />September 9, 1545 | ||
+ | || [[Francis I of France]]<br />[[Claude of France]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''Louis III'''<br />1549 | ||
+ | || | ||
+ | || 3 February –<br />24 October 1549 | ||
+ | || [[Henry II of France|Henry II, King of France]]<br />[[Catherine de' Medici]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Charles IX of France|Charles III Maximilian]]'''<br />1550–1560 | ||
+ | || [[Image:François Clouet 005.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || June 27, 1550 –<br />May 30, 1574 | ||
+ | || [[Henry II of France|Henry II, King of France]]<br />[[Catherine de' Medici]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Henry III of France|Henry II]]'''<br />1560–1574 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Anjou 1570louvre.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || September 19, 1551 –<br />August 2, 1589 | ||
+ | || [[Henry II of France|Henry II, King of France]]<br />[[Catherine de' Medici]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==House of Bourbon== | ||
+ | ===Fourth creation (1607)=== | ||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Nicholas Henri, Duke of Orléans|Nicholas Henri]]'''<br />1607–1611 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Nicolas de bourbon.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || 16 April 1607 -<br />17 November 1611 | ||
+ | || [[Henry IV of France]]<br />[[Marie de' Medici]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Fifth creation (1626)=== | ||
+ | At the death of Nicholas Henri, his younger brother Gaston was given the title of Orléans but was not officially allowed to be styled as the ''Duke of Orléans'' till his marriage with the heiress Marie de Bourbon, Duchess de Montpensier in her own right (she had been betrothed to Nicholas at the age of 3). They were the parents of [[Anne Marie Louise of Orléans|Anne Marie Louise of Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier]]. At her death in 1693, much of her vast wealth went to her cousin, [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Gaston, Duke of Orléans|Gaston]]'''<br />1626–1660 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Gaston de France 1634.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || 25 April 1608 -<br />2 February 1660 | ||
+ | ||[[Henry IV of France]]<br />[[Marie de' Medici]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Sixth creation (1660)== | ||
+ | Upon the death of Gaston of Orléans, the [[Appanage]] of the [[Duchy]] of [[Orléans]] reverted back to the crown. The appanage was given to [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Philippe]], the brother of [[Louis XIV of France]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It was Philippe and his second wife, the famous court writer [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]], founded the modern [[House of Orléans]] - their surviving son being the [[Regent]] of France for the young [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | As a ''[[Fils de France]]'', Philippe was styled as ''Philippe of France'' (Philippe de France). Upon his death, his son inherited but as only a ''[[Petit-Fils de France]]'' (Grandson of France via [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]]) he had to revert to the surname ''of Orléans''. | ||
+ | Philippe I de France was addressed as ''Royal Highness'' (Son Altesse royale) as was his son Philippe II. Philippe I was also known as ''[[Prince du Sang|Monsieur]]'' at his brothers court. At the death of Philippe II, his son Louis d'Orléans took the title and took on the style of ''Serene Highness'' as the head of the cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. His son and grandson would take on the style on their successions. After 1709, the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon were the ''[[First Prince of the Blood|First Princes of the Blood]]'' - this meant that the dukes could be addressed as ''Monsieur le Prince'' and that, should there be no possilble heirs to the throne of France, then the Orléans family could claim it. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! width=22% | Name !! width=105px | Portrait !! Lifespan !! width=25% | Parents | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Philippe I]]'''<br />1660–1701|| [[Image:Philippe1erOrleans B.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || September 21, 1640 -<br />June 8, 1701 | ||
+ | || [[Louis XIII of France]]<br />[[Anne of Austria|Infanta Ana of Spain]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans|Philippe II]]'''<br />1701–1723 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Philippe d'Orleans, regent, et Marie Madeleine de la Vieuville, Comtesse de Parabere (Jean-Baptiste Santerre).jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || August 2, 1674 -<br />December 2, 1723 | ||
+ | || [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans|Louis]]'''<br />1723–1752 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Louis-Orleans.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || August 4, 1703 -<br />February 4, 1752 | ||
+ | || [[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Françoise-Marie de Bourbon]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans|Louis Philippe I]]'''<br />1752–1785|| [[Image:Louis-Philippe1.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || May 12, 1725 -<br />November 18, 1785 | ||
+ | || [[Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans|Louis, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Margravine Auguste Marie Johanna of Baden-Baden]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans|Louis Philippe II]]'''<br />1785–1793|| [[Image:Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || April 13, 1747 -<br />November 6, 1793 | ||
+ | || [[Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Louise Henriette de Bourbon]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe III]]'''<br />1793–1830 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Louis-Philippe de Bourbon.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || 6 October 1773 -<br />August 26, 1850 | ||
+ | || [[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans|Ferdinand Philippe]]'''<br />1830–1842 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Ferdinand-P.JPG|100px]] | ||
+ | || September 3, 1810 -<br />July 13, 1842 | ||
+ | || [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe III, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies|Princess Maria Amalia Teresa of the Two Sicilies]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ''[[Philippe, comte de Paris|Philippe]]''<br />1842–1869<br />(did not use the title) | ||
+ | || [[Image:Phillipe, Comte de Paris.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || 24 August 1838 –<br />8 September 1894 | ||
+ | || [[Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans]]<br />[[Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Duchess Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Philippe d'Orléans (1869-1926)|Philippe]]'''<br />1869–1926 | ||
+ | || [[Image:Felipd'OrleansOrleans.jpg|100px]] | ||
+ | || August 24, 1869 -<br />March 28, 1926 | ||
+ | || [[Philippe, comte de Paris|Philippe, Count of Paris]]<br />[[Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Other Dukes=== | ||
+ | '''''Members of the House of Orléans''''' | ||
+ | * '''François Gaston Michel Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans''' (1935–1960) second son of [[Henri, comte de Paris]] (posthumous creation) | ||
+ | * '''[[Jacques, duc d'Orléans|Jacques Jean Jaroslav Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans]]''' (b. 1941) fourth son of [[Henri, comte de Paris]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
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Duke of Orléans (Duc d'Orléans) was one of the highest ranking titles of the French peerage and dates back to the 14th century. Known as princes of the blood (princes du sang), the title of Duke of Orleans was exclusive to princes of the nearest collateral line of the royal family; thus they constituted a junior branch of the ruling house, second in seniority only to members of the primary line.
During the period of the ancien régime the holder of the title often assumed a political role. The Orléans came to the throne with Louis XII (15th century). Louis Philippe II, fifth Duke of Orleans, contributed to the destruction of the ancien regime. At the head of a retrospectively named 'Orleanist' faction centred on the Palais Royal, he contested the authority of his cousin Louis XVI in the adjacent Louvre. It was his son who would eventually ascend the throne in 1830 following the July Revolution as Louis-Philippe I, King of France. The descendants of the family are the Orléanist pretenders to the French throne, and the title has been used by several members of the House. The holder of the title held the style of Serene Highness.
Contents |
House of Valois
First creation (1344)
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Parents |
---|---|---|---|
Philip of Valois 1344–1375 | Image:Blason Philippe de France (1336-1375) duc d'Orléans.svg | July 1, 1336 - September 1, 1376 | Philip VI of France Joan the Lame |
Second creation (1392)
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Parents |
---|---|---|---|
Louis I 1372–1407 | Image:LouisOrlean ChristinaPisan.jpg | March 13, 1372 - November 23, 1407 | Charles V of France Joanna of Bourbon |
Charles I 1407–1465 | Image:Charles Ier d'Orléans.jpg | November 24, 1394 - January 5, 1465 | Louis I, Duke of Orléans Valentina Visconti |
Louis II 1465–1515 | Image:Ludvig XII av Frankrike på målning från 1500-talet.jpg | June 27, 1462 - January 1, 1515 | Charles I, Duke of Orléans Marie of Cleves |
Third creation (1519)
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Parents |
---|---|---|---|
Henry I 1519–1536 | 100px | March 31, 1519 – July 10, 1559 | Francis I of France Claude of France |
Charles II 1536–1545 | January 22, 1522 – September 9, 1545 | Francis I of France Claude of France | |
Louis III 1549 | 3 February – 24 October 1549 | Henry II, King of France Catherine de' Medici | |
Charles III Maximilian 1550–1560 | Image:François Clouet 005.jpg | June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574 | Henry II, King of France Catherine de' Medici |
Henry II 1560–1574 | Image:Anjou 1570louvre.jpg | September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589 | Henry II, King of France Catherine de' Medici |
House of Bourbon
Fourth creation (1607)
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Parents |
---|---|---|---|
Nicholas Henri 1607–1611 | Image:Nicolas de bourbon.jpg | 16 April 1607 - 17 November 1611 | Henry IV of France Marie de' Medici |
Fifth creation (1626)
At the death of Nicholas Henri, his younger brother Gaston was given the title of Orléans but was not officially allowed to be styled as the Duke of Orléans till his marriage with the heiress Marie de Bourbon, Duchess de Montpensier in her own right (she had been betrothed to Nicholas at the age of 3). They were the parents of Anne Marie Louise of Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier. At her death in 1693, much of her vast wealth went to her cousin, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans.
Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Parents |
---|---|---|---|
Gaston 1626–1660 | Image:Gaston de France 1634.jpg | 25 April 1608 - 2 February 1660 | Henry IV of France Marie de' Medici |
Sixth creation (1660)
Upon the death of Gaston of Orléans, the Appanage of the Duchy of Orléans reverted back to the crown. The appanage was given to Philippe, the brother of Louis XIV of France.
It was Philippe and his second wife, the famous court writer Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, founded the modern House of Orléans - their surviving son being the Regent of France for the young Louis XV.
As a Fils de France, Philippe was styled as Philippe of France (Philippe de France). Upon his death, his son inherited but as only a Petit-Fils de France (Grandson of France via Louis XIII) he had to revert to the surname of Orléans. Philippe I de France was addressed as Royal Highness (Son Altesse royale) as was his son Philippe II. Philippe I was also known as Monsieur at his brothers court. At the death of Philippe II, his son Louis d'Orléans took the title and took on the style of Serene Highness as the head of the cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. His son and grandson would take on the style on their successions. After 1709, the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon were the First Princes of the Blood - this meant that the dukes could be addressed as Monsieur le Prince and that, should there be no possilble heirs to the throne of France, then the Orléans family could claim it.
Other Dukes
Members of the House of Orléans
- François Gaston Michel Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans (1935–1960) second son of Henri, comte de Paris (posthumous creation)
- Jacques Jean Jaroslav Marie of Orléans, Duke of Orléans (b. 1941) fourth son of Henri, comte de Paris