Lucilio Vanini
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| Monotheistic religions alone furnish the spectacle of religious wars, religious persecutions, heretical tribunals, that breaking of idols and destruction of images of the gods, that razing of Indian temples and Egyptian colossi, which had looked on the sun 3,000 years: just because a jealous god had said, '[[Thou shalt make no graven image]].' | Monotheistic religions alone furnish the spectacle of religious wars, religious persecutions, heretical tribunals, that breaking of idols and destruction of images of the gods, that razing of Indian temples and Egyptian colossi, which had looked on the sun 3,000 years: just because a jealous god had said, '[[Thou shalt make no graven image]].' | ||
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| - | “There has been a considerable number of those whom history calls [[Atheism|atheist]]s. [[Leucippus]], [[Democritus]], [[Xenophanes]], and others of the [[Atomistic]] and [[Eleatic School]]s, are said to have been such. In his ''[[The True Intellectual System of the Universe|Intellectual System]]'', [[Cudworth]] puts into this category [[Seneca]] and the [[younger Pliny]] among the Romans. Since the Reformation, such men as [[Rabelais]], [[Machiavel]], [[Bruno]], [[Vanini]], [[D'Alembert]], [[Diderot]], [[Buffon]], [[Condorcet]], [[Mirabeau]], [[Pierre-Simon Laplace|La Place]], [[Frederic II]], and even [[Pope Leo X]], have been charged with atheism.” | ||
| - | — [[Willis Lord]] (1875), ''[[Christian Theology for the People]]'' (pg. 67) | ||
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“They found it easier to burn Vanini that to confute him.” — Arthur Schopenhauer (c.1830), Dialogue on Religion Monotheistic religions alone furnish the spectacle of religious wars, religious persecutions, heretical tribunals, that breaking of idols and destruction of images of the gods, that razing of Indian temples and Egyptian colossi, which had looked on the sun 3,000 years: just because a jealous god had said, 'Thou shalt make no graven image.' |
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Lucilio Vanini, or, as he styled himself in his works, Giulio Cesare (1585 - February 9, 1619), was an Italian philosopher, free-thinker, born at Taurisano, near Lecce. The epicurian ideas of the Lucilio Vanini caused him to be accused of heresy and of practicing magic and was burned alive in Toulouse in 1619 when he questioned the immortality of the soul.
Career
He studied philosophy and theology at Rome, and after his return to Lecce applied himself to the physical studies which had come into vogue with the Renaissance. Like Giordano Bruno, though intellectually inferior to him, he was among those who led the attack on the old scholasticism and helped to lay the foundation of modern philosophy. Vanini resembles Bruno, not only in his wandering life and in his tragic death, but also in his anti-Christian ideas.
From Naples he went to Padua, where he came under the influence of the Alexandrist Pomponazzi, whom he styles his divine master. At Padua he studied law, and was ordained priest. Subsequently he led a roving life in France, Switzerland and the Low Countries, supporting himself by giving lessons and disseminating anti-religious views. He was obliged to flee from Lyon to England in 1614, but was imprisoned in London for an unknown reason for forty-nine days.
Returning to Italy he made an attempt to teach in Genoa, but was driven once more to France, where he tried to clear himself of suspicion by publishing a book against atheists, Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum (1615). Though the definitions of God are somewhat pantheistic, the book is sufficiently orthodox. The arguments are largely ironic, however, and cannot be taken as expounding his real views.
Vanini expressly tells us so in his second (and only other published) work, De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis (Paris, 1616), which, originally certified by two doctors of the Sorbonne, was later re-examined and condemned. Vanini then left Paris, where he had been staying as chaplain to the marechal de Bassompierre, and began to teach in Toulouse. In November 1618 he was arrested, and after a prolonged trial was condemned, as an atheist, to have his tongue cut out, and to be strangled at the stake, his body to be afterwards burned to ashes. The sentence was executed on the 9th of February 1619.
But further and more detailed and precise information about Julius Caesar Vanini's biography, may be round in Giulio Cesare Vanini's "Opere", ed. by Giovanni Papuli and Francesco Paolo Raimondi, Galatina, Congedo, 1990; Giovanni Papuli's "Studi Vaniniani", Galatina, Congedo, 2006; Francesco Paolo Raimondi's "Giulio Cesare Vanini nell'Europa del Seicento, Roma-Pisa, Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, Roma, 2005 (This volume contains the most complete documentation on Vanini's life: 192 documents from his birth to the years immediately following the stake); Francesco De Paola's Vanini e il primo '600 Anglo-veneto (Cutrofiano (Lecce) 1980) and Giulio Cesare Vanini da Taurisano Filosofo Europeo, (Schena Editore, Fasano (Brindisi), Italy, 1998), which contain a collection of Italian, Venetian, Vatican, English, French, Spanish documents on the life of this Renaissance thinker.
Note: According to Namer's book (see below), Giulio Cesare was Vanini's given name, not one he assumed. The Britannica entry is wrong here and follows false allegations by his detractors of an alleged megalomaniac desire to liken himself to Caesar.
References
- La Vie et L'Ooeuvre de J.C Vanini, Princes des Libertins mort a Toulouse sur le bucher en 1619, Emile Namer, 1980
