List of art media
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:Medium specificity in 'Letter on the Deaf and Dumb' by Diderot.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Page from "[[Letter on the Deaf and Dumb]]" which illustrates [[Denis Diderot]]'s take on [[medium specificity]]]][[Image:Laocoön Group, Clamores horrendos detail, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen (2009).jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[medium specificity]] series. | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <small>Illustration: ''[[Laocoön and His Sons]]'' ("[[Clamores horrendos]]" detail), photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen.</small>]] | ||
| + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
| + | | style="text-align: left;" | | ||
| + | *[[One can look at seeing but one can't hear hearing]] -- Marcel Duchamp | ||
| + | *[[Writing about music is like dancing about architecture]] -- Martin Mull | ||
| + | *[[All art constantly aspires towards the condition of music]] -- Walter Pater | ||
| + | *"[[The medium is the message]]" -- McLuhan | ||
| + | *"[[Painting is silent poetry, and poetry painting that speaks]]" -- Simonides of Ceos | ||
| + | *[[Ut pictura poesis]] -- Horace | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | [[Image:The Music of Gounod is a 'thoughtform' from Thought Forms (1901) by Annie Besant & Charles Webster Leadbeater.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[The Music of Gounod]], a 'thoughtform' from ''Thought Forms'' (1901) by Annie Besant & Charles Webster Leadbeater]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | In the [[art]]s, a '''medium''' (mediums, media) is a material used by an [[artist]] to create a work. | + | |
| + | '''Art media''' is the [[material]] and tools used by an [[artist]], [[composer]] or [[designer]] to [[Creativity|create]] a [[work of art]], for example, "pen and ink" where the pen is the tool and the ink is the material. Here is a list of types of art and the [[media]] used within those types. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Architecture== | ||
| + | *[[Cement]], [[concrete]], [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]] | ||
| + | *[[Cob (material)|Cob]] | ||
| + | *[[Glass#Architecture|Glass]] | ||
| + | *[[Metal]] | ||
| + | *[[Rock (geology)|Stone]], [[brick]] | ||
| + | *[[Wood]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Carpentry== | ||
| + | *[[Adhesives]] | ||
| + | *[[Wood]] ([[timber]]) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Ceramics== | ||
| + | *[[Bone china]] | ||
| + | *[[Clay]] | ||
| + | *[[Ceramic glaze|Glaze]] | ||
| + | *[[Porcelain]] | ||
| + | *[[Pottery]] | ||
| + | *[[Terracotta]] | ||
| ==Drawing== | ==Drawing== | ||
| - | In [[drawing]], "media" refers to both the material that is manually applied and to the base onto which it is applied. The media applied can be many things but the method of application is a stick type object with a point (not a brush) that transfers particles of ''media'' to the base. The point of the stick can be minute as it can be large. The medium applied can be graphite, fusain, pastel, ink among other things . Bases can be paper, plaster, canvas, wood or basically anything that accepts the medium applied from the point of the stick. | + | |
| - | ===Common drawing media=== | + | === Common drawing materials === |
| - | *[[Pastel]] chalk or oil | + | |
| - | *[[Charcoal]] soft or hard | + | *[[Chalk]] |
| - | *[[Colored pencil]] | + | *[[Charcoal (art)|Charcoal]] |
| *[[Conté]] | *[[Conté]] | ||
| *[[Crayon]] | *[[Crayon]] | ||
| - | *[[Graphite]] can be [[pencil]]s, small or large sticks similar to charcoal | + | *[[Graphite]] |
| - | *[[Marker pen|Marker]] | + | *[[Ink]] |
| - | *[[Pen and ink]] | + | * [[Pastel]] |
| + | * [[Pixel]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Common supports (surfaces) for drawing === | ||
| - | ===Common bases for drawing === | ||
| - | *[[Paper]] | ||
| *[[Canvas]] | *[[Canvas]] | ||
| - | *[[Wood]] | + | *[[Card stock]] |
| - | *[[Plaster]] | + | *[[Concrete]] |
| + | *[[Fabric]] | ||
| + | *[[Glass]] | ||
| + | *[[Human body]] | ||
| *[[Metal]] | *[[Metal]] | ||
| + | *[[Paper]] | ||
| + | *[[Plaster]] | ||
| + | *[[Scratchboard]] | ||
| + | *[[Rock (geology)|Stone]] | ||
| + | *[[Vellum]] | ||
| + | *[[Wood]] | ||
| - | ===see also=== | + | === Common drawing tools and methods === |
| - | *[[Writing implement]] | + | |
| - | *[[Quill]] | + | *[[Brush]] |
| - | *[[Nib (pen)]] | + | *[[Finger]] |
| - | *[[Fresco]] | + | *[[Pen]] |
| - | *[[Ceramic art]] | + | *[[Ballpoint pen]] |
| - | *[[Graffiti]] | + | *[[Fountain pen]] |
| - | *[[Pen]] | + | *[[Gel pen]] |
| + | *[[Technical pen]] | ||
| + | *[[Marker pen|Marker]] | ||
| + | *[[Pencil]] | ||
| + | *[[Mechanical pencil|Mechanical pencil (clutch, screw, and ratchet)]] | ||
| + | *[[Colored pencil]] | ||
| + | *[[Stylus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Electronic== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Graphic art software]] and [[3D computer graphics]] | ||
| + | *[[Word processor]]s and [[desktop publishing]] software | ||
| + | *[[Digital photography]] and [[digital cinematography]] | ||
| + | *Specialized input devices (e.g. [[graphics tablet|variable pressure sensing tablet]]s and [[touchscreen]]s) | ||
| + | *[[Digital printing]] | ||
| + | *[[Programming language|Programming languages]] | ||
| ==Film== | ==Film== | ||
| - | In [[cinematography]], a sequence of still images is captured with a [[video camera]]. A series of individual images are called [[film frame|frame]]s. When these images are shown in rapid succession, a viewer gains the displayed illusion that motion is occurring. | ||
| *[[Animation]] | *[[Animation]] | ||
| *[[Computer animation]] and [[computer-generated imagery]] | *[[Computer animation]] and [[computer-generated imagery]] | ||
| - | *[[Live-action]] | + | <!-- the following MAY be methods or genres, but ARE NOT media: |
| - | *[[Live-action/animated film|Live-action/animated]] | + | *[[Experimental film]] |
| + | *[[Live action]] | ||
| + | *[[Films with live action and animation|Live action and animation]] | ||
| *[[Stop motion]] | *[[Stop motion]] | ||
| + | *[[Structural film]] --> | ||
| + | *[[Video art]] and its subsets [[single-channel video]] and [[video installation]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Food== | ||
| + | |||
| + | A chef's tools and equipment, including ovens, stoves, grills, and griddles. Specialty equipment may be used, including [[Grilling#Salamander|salamanders]], [[French top]]s, woks, [[tandoor]]s, and [[induction burner]]s. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Glass == | ||
| + | [[Glassblowing]], [[Glass coloring and color marking|colouring and marking]] methods | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Installation == | ||
| + | [[Installation art]] is a site-specific form of [[sculpture]] that can be created with any material. An installation can occupy a large amount of [[space]], create an [[wikt:ambiance|ambience]], transform/disrupt the space, exist in the space. One way to distinguish an installation from a sculpture (this may not apply to every installation) is to try to imagine it in a different space. If the objects present difficulties in a different space than the original, it is probably an installation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Light== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Literature== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Traditional writing media=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Electronic literature|Digital]] [[word processor]] | ||
| + | *[[Internet]] [[website]]s | ||
| + | *[[Letterpress printing]] | ||
| + | *[[Printer (computing)|Computer printers]] | ||
| + | *[[Marker pen|Marker]] | ||
| + | *[[Pen|Pen and ink]] or *[[quill]] | ||
| + | *[[Pencil]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Common bases for writing === | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Card stock]] | ||
| + | *[[Paper]], perhaps [[Ruled paper|ruled]] | ||
| + | *[[Vellum]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Natural world== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Floral design]] | ||
| + | *[[Rock (geology)|Rock]] | ||
| + | *[[Soil]] | ||
| + | *[[Vegetation]] | ||
| + | *[[Water]] | ||
| ==Painting== | ==Painting== | ||
| - | In [[painting]], "media" refers to both the type of [[paint]] used and the base (or ground) to which it is applied. A paint's medium refers to what carries a paint's pigments, and is also called a "vehicle" or a "base". A painter can mix a medium with [[solvent]]s, [[pigment]]s, and other substances in order to make paint and control consistency. | + | ===Traditional paint media=== |
| - | ===Common paint media=== | + | |
| *[[Acrylic paint]] | *[[Acrylic paint]] | ||
| - | *[[Enamel paint]] | + | *[[Blacklight paint]] |
| + | *[[Encaustic painting|Encaustic paint]] | ||
| *[[Fresco]] | *[[Fresco]] | ||
| *[[Gesso]] | *[[Gesso]] | ||
| - | *[[glaze (painting technique)|Glaze]] | + | *[[Glaze (painting technique)|Glaze]] |
| *[[Gouache]] | *[[Gouache]] | ||
| *[[Ink]] | *[[Ink]] | ||
| Line 53: | Line 154: | ||
| *[[Oil paint]] | *[[Oil paint]] | ||
| *[[Primer (paint)|Primer]] | *[[Primer (paint)|Primer]] | ||
| - | *[[Sumi]] | + | *[[Stencil]] |
| - | *[[Tempera]] | + | *[[Ink wash painting|Ink wash]] (sumi-e) |
| - | *[[Vinyl]] paint (toxic/poisonous) | + | *[[Tempera]] or [[poster paint]] |
| + | *[[Vinyl group|Vinyl]] paint (toxic/poisonous) | ||
| + | *[[Vitreous enamel]] | ||
| *[[Watercolor]] | *[[Watercolor]] | ||
| - | ===Common ground media=== | + | === Indigenous materials for painting === |
| - | *[[Architectural]] structures | + | *[[Elito Circa|Human hair and blood]] |
| + | *Various [[Body fluid#Body fluids in art|bodily fluids and excrement]] including [[Chris Ofili|elephant dung]] | ||
| + | *[[Solar energy]] | ||
| + | *[[Garlic]] | ||
| + | *[[Rust]] | ||
| + | *[[Coffee]] | ||
| + | *[[Onion]] | ||
| + | *[[Coconut juice]] | ||
| + | *[[Mud]] | ||
| + | *[[Black palm]] | ||
| + | *[[Tomato]] | ||
| + | *[[Soy sauce]] | ||
| + | *[[Staple (fastener)|Staple wire]] | ||
| + | *[[ochre|Ochre (Yellow,Red, White or charcoal)]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Supports for painting=== | ||
| + | *[[Architectural structure]]s | ||
| *[[Canvas]] | *[[Canvas]] | ||
| + | *[[Ceramic]]s | ||
| *[[Cloth]] | *[[Cloth]] | ||
| *[[Glass]] | *[[Glass]] | ||
| + | *[[Human body]] (typically for [[tattoos]]) | ||
| *[[Metal]] | *[[Metal]] | ||
| *[[Paper]] | *[[Paper]] | ||
| + | *[[Paperboard]] | ||
| + | *[[Vellum]] | ||
| + | *[[Wall]] | ||
| *[[Wood]] | *[[Wood]] | ||
| - | ===Application tools and methods=== | + | ===Traditional tools and methods=== |
| *[[Action painting]] | *[[Action painting]] | ||
| *[[Aerosol paint]] | *[[Aerosol paint]] | ||
| *[[Airbrush]] | *[[Airbrush]] | ||
| *[[Batik]] | *[[Batik]] | ||
| - | *[[Brush]] | + | *[[Brush#Paintbrushes|Brush]] |
| - | *[[Finger painting]] | + | *[[Textile|Cloth]] |
| - | *[[Mural]]ism | + | *[[Paint roller]] or [[paint pad]] |
| *[[Palette knife]] | *[[Palette knife]] | ||
| - | *[[Stick]] | + | *[[Sponge (material)|Sponge]] |
| - | ===Muralism techniques=== | + | ===Mural techniques=== |
| - | [[Mural]]ists use many of the same media as panel painters, but due to the scale of their works, use different techniques. Some such techniques include: | + | [[Mural]]ists use many of the same media as [[Panel painting|panel painters]], but due to the scale of their works, use different techniques. Some such techniques include: |
| - | *[[Fresco]] | + | *[[Aerosol paint]] |
| - | *[[Cartoon]] | + | |
| - | *[[Comics]] | + | |
| *[[Digital painting]] | *[[Digital painting]] | ||
| - | *[[Graphic novel]] | + | *[[Fresco]] |
| - | *[[Overhead projector|Overhead]] and [[slide projection]] | + | *[[Image projector]] |
| - | *[[Pounce (technique)]] | + | *[[Mosaic]] |
| + | *[[Pounce (art)|Pounce art]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Graphic narrative media=== | ||
| + | [[Comics creators]] use many of the same media as traditional painters. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Performing arts== | ||
| + | The [[performing arts]] is a form of [[entertainment]] that is created by the artist's own [[Human body|body]], [[face]] and presence as a medium. There are many skills and [[Performance#Performance genres|genres]] of [[performance]]; [[dance]], [[theatre]] and [[Historical reenactment|re-enactment]] being examples. [[Performance art]] is a performance that may not present a conventional formal linear [[narrative]]. | ||
| ==Photography== | ==Photography== | ||
| - | In [[photography]] a [[photosensitive]] surface is used to capture an optical still image, usually utilizing a lens to focus light. Some media include: | + | In [[photography]] a [[photosensitive]] surface is used to capture an optical still image, usually utilizing a [[Lens (optics)|lens]] to focus [[light]]. Some media include: |
| - | *[[photographic film]] | + | *Digital [[image sensor]] |
| - | *digital [[image sensor]] | + | *[[Photographic film]] |
| - | *[[silver nitrate]] | + | *[[Potassium dichromate]] |
| - | *[[potassium ferricyanide]] & [[ferric ammonium citrate]] | + | *[[Potassium ferricyanide]] and [[ferric ammonium citrate]] |
| - | *[[potassium dichromate]] | + | *[[Silver nitrate]] |
| ==Printmaking== | ==Printmaking== | ||
| In the art of [[printmaking]], "media" tends to refer to the technique used to create a print. Common media include: | In the art of [[printmaking]], "media" tends to refer to the technique used to create a print. Common media include: | ||
| *[[Aquatint]] | *[[Aquatint]] | ||
| + | *[[Printer (computing)|Computer printing]] | ||
| + | **[[Dye-sublimation printer]] | ||
| + | **[[Inkjet printer]] (sometimes called [[giclée]] printing) | ||
| + | **[[Laser printer]] | ||
| + | **[[Solid ink|Solid ink printer]] | ||
| + | **[[Thermal printer]] | ||
| + | *[[Embossing (paper)|Embossing]] | ||
| *[[Engraving]] | *[[Engraving]] | ||
| *[[Etching]] | *[[Etching]] | ||
| - | *[[Inkjet printer|Inkjet printing]] (sometimes called [[Giclée]] printing) | + | *[[Intaglio (printmaking)]] |
| - | *[[Laser printer|Laser printing]] | + | *[[Letterpress printing|Letterpress]] (literature) |
| *[[Linocut]] | *[[Linocut]] | ||
| *[[Lithography]] | *[[Lithography]] | ||
| + | *[[Mezzotint]] | ||
| *[[Moku hanga]] | *[[Moku hanga]] | ||
| + | *[[Monotype]] | ||
| *[[Offset printing]] | *[[Offset printing]] | ||
| - | *[[Plate printing]] | + | *[[Photographic printing]] |
| - | *[[Photograph]]ic printing | + | *[[Planographic printing]] |
| + | *[[Printing press]] | ||
| + | *[[Relief print]]ing | ||
| + | **[[Linocut]] | ||
| + | **[[Metalcut]] | ||
| + | **[[Etching#Variants: aquatint, soft-ground and relief etching|Relief etching]] | ||
| + | **[[Wood engraving]] | ||
| + | **[[Woodcut]] | ||
| *[[Screen-printing]] | *[[Screen-printing]] | ||
| - | *[[Woodcut]] | + | *[[Woodblock printing]] |
| ==Sculpture== | ==Sculpture== | ||
| - | In [[sculpture|sculpting]] [[solid]] and [[wikt:texture|textured]] surfaces and [[structure]]s are shaped or combined using [[Physical property|substance]]s and [[component]]s to form a three dimensional object. | + | In [[sculpture|sculpting]], a [[solid]] [[structure]] and [[wikt:texture|textured]] surface is shaped or combined using [[Physical property|substance]]s and components, to form a three-dimensional object. The size of a sculptured work can be built very big and could be considered as [[architecture]], although more commonly a large [[statue]] or [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]], and can be crafted very small and intricate as [[jewellery]], [[Ornament (art)|ornament]]s and decorative [[relief]]s. |
| ===Materials=== | ===Materials=== | ||
| - | carved materials | + | |
| - | *[[Stone]] | + | ====Carving media==== |
| - | *[[Marble]] | + | *[[Bone carving]] |
| - | *[[granite]] | + | *[[Bronze]] |
| - | *[[wood]] | + | *[[Gemstone]]s |
| + | *[[Glass]] | ||
| + | *[[Granite]] | ||
| *[[Ice]] | *[[Ice]] | ||
| + | *[[Ivory]] | ||
| + | *[[Marble]] | ||
| *[[Plaster]] | *[[Plaster]] | ||
| - | *[[Gemstone|Jewel]]s | + | *[[Stone]] |
| *[[Wax]] | *[[Wax]] | ||
| - | cast materials | + | *[[Wood]] |
| + | |||
| + | ====Casting media==== | ||
| + | *[[Cement]] | ||
| + | *[[Ceramic]]s | ||
| *[[Metal]] | *[[Metal]] | ||
| *[[Plaster]] | *[[Plaster]] | ||
| - | *[[Wax]] | ||
| *[[Plastic]] | *[[Plastic]] | ||
| - | *[[Plastic]] Synthetic resins | + | *[[Synthetic resin]] |
| - | *[[cement]] | + | *[[Wax]] |
| - | modeled materials | + | |
| + | ====Modeling media==== | ||
| *[[Clay]] | *[[Clay]] | ||
| *[[Papier-mâché]] | *[[Papier-mâché]] | ||
| *[[Plaster]] | *[[Plaster]] | ||
| *[[Sand]] | *[[Sand]] | ||
| - | Assembled materials | + | *[[Styrofoam]] |
| + | |||
| + | ====Assembled media==== | ||
| *[[Bead]]s | *[[Bead]]s | ||
| - | *[[Corrugated fiberboard]] (Cardboard) | + | *[[Corrugated fiberboard]] (cardboard) |
| - | *[[Edible]] material | + | *[[Eating|Edible]] material |
| + | *[[Foil (metal)|Foil]] | ||
| *[[Found object]]s | *[[Found object]]s | ||
| *[[Glue]] and other [[adhesive]]s | *[[Glue]] and other [[adhesive]]s | ||
| Line 147: | Line 303: | ||
| *[[Wire]] | *[[Wire]] | ||
| *[[Wood]] | *[[Wood]] | ||
| - | finishing materials | + | |
| - | *[[acid]]s to creat a [[patina]] | + | ====Finishing materials==== |
| - | *[[wax]] | + | *[[Acid]]s to create a [[patina]] ([[Corrosive substance|corrosive]]) |
| + | *[[Glaze (painting technique)|Glaze]] | ||
| *[[Polychrome]] | *[[Polychrome]] | ||
| + | *[[Wax]] | ||
| ===Tools=== | ===Tools=== | ||
| - | *[[Bristle]]d [[brush]] | + | *[[Bristle]] [[brush]] |
| - | *[[Potter's wheel]] and [[kiln]] | + | *[[Chisel]] and [[hammer]] (modern [[pneumatic]]) |
| - | *[[Chisel]]and[[hammer]] commonly pneumatic for modern uses | + | *[[Clamp (tool)|Clamp]] or [[vise]] |
| - | *[[Clamp (tool)|Clamps]] | + | *[[Hammer]] or [[mallet]] (modern pneumatic) |
| - | *[[Oxy-fuel welding and cutting|cutting torch]] | + | *[[Kiln]] for heating [[ceramic]]s and [[metal]]s |
| - | *[[Hammer]] or [[mallet]] commonly pneumatic for modern uses | + | |
| *[[Knife]] | *[[Knife]] | ||
| *[[Pliers]] | *[[Pliers]] | ||
| + | *[[Potter's wheel]] | ||
| *[[Power tools]] | *[[Power tools]] | ||
| *[[Sandpaper]] | *[[Sandpaper]] | ||
| Line 166: | Line 324: | ||
| *[[Hand scraper|Scraper]] | *[[Hand scraper|Scraper]] | ||
| *[[Tin snips|Snips]] | *[[Tin snips|Snips]] | ||
| - | *[[Wirecutter]]s | + | *[[Welding]] and [[Oxy-fuel welding and cutting|cutting torch]] |
| + | *[[Wirecutter]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Sound== | ||
| + | The art of [[sound]] can be singular or a combination of [[speech]] or objects and crafted [[Musical instrument|instrument]]s, to create sounds, [[rhythm]]s and [[music]] for a range of sonic [[Hearing (sense)|hearing]] purposes. See also [[music]] and [[sound art]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Technical products== | ||
| + | The use of [[technology|technical]] products as an art medium is a merging of [[applied art]] and [[applied science|science]], that may involve [[aesthetics]], [[efficiency]] and [[ergonomics]] using various materials. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Textiles== | ||
| + | In the art of [[textile]]s a soft and flexible material of [[fiber]]s or [[yarn]] is formed by spinning [[wool]], [[flax]], [[cotton]], or other material on a [[spinning wheel]] and [[crochet]]ing, [[knitting]], [[macramé]] ([[knot]]ting), [[weaving]], or pressing fibres together ([[felt]]) to create a work. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Digital media]] | + | * [[Collage]] |
| - | * [[Mixed media]] | + | * [[Conceptual art]] |
| + | * [[Decorative arts]] | ||
| + | * [[Design tool]] | ||
| + | * [[Fashion design]] | ||
| + | * [[Fine art]] | ||
| + | * [[Fire performance]] | ||
| + | * [[Fresco]] | ||
| + | * [[Graffiti]] | ||
| + | * [[Graphic arts]] | ||
| * [[Liberal arts]] | * [[Liberal arts]] | ||
| + | * [[List of pen types, brands and companies]] | ||
| + | * [[Mixed media]] | ||
| * [[Multimedia]] | * [[Multimedia]] | ||
| - | * [[New materials in 20th century art]] | + | * [[New materials in 20th-century art]] |
| * [[Plastic arts]] | * [[Plastic arts]] | ||
| + | * [[Publishing]] | ||
| + | * [[Pyrotechnics]] | ||
| * [[Data storage device#Recording medium|Recording medium]] | * [[Data storage device#Recording medium|Recording medium]] | ||
| + | * [[Stationery]] | ||
| + | * [[Video game art]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
Illustration: Laocoön and His Sons ("Clamores horrendos" detail), photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen.
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Related e |
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Featured: |
Art media is the material and tools used by an artist, composer or designer to create a work of art, for example, "pen and ink" where the pen is the tool and the ink is the material. Here is a list of types of art and the media used within those types.
Contents |
[edit]
Architecture
[edit]
Carpentry
[edit]
Ceramics
[edit]
Drawing
[edit]
Common drawing materials
[edit]
Common supports (surfaces) for drawing
- Canvas
- Card stock
- Concrete
- Fabric
- Glass
- Human body
- Metal
- Paper
- Plaster
- Scratchboard
- Stone
- Vellum
- Wood
[edit]
Common drawing tools and methods
- Brush
- Finger
- Pen
- Ballpoint pen
- Fountain pen
- Gel pen
- Technical pen
- Marker
- Pencil
- Mechanical pencil (clutch, screw, and ratchet)
- Colored pencil
- Stylus
[edit]
Electronic
- Graphic art software and 3D computer graphics
- Word processors and desktop publishing software
- Digital photography and digital cinematography
- Specialized input devices (e.g. variable pressure sensing tablets and touchscreens)
- Digital printing
- Programming languages
[edit]
Film
- Animation
- Computer animation and computer-generated imagery
- Video art and its subsets single-channel video and video installation
[edit]
Food
A chef's tools and equipment, including ovens, stoves, grills, and griddles. Specialty equipment may be used, including salamanders, French tops, woks, tandoors, and induction burners.
[edit]
Glass
Glassblowing, colouring and marking methods
[edit]
Installation
Installation art is a site-specific form of sculpture that can be created with any material. An installation can occupy a large amount of space, create an ambience, transform/disrupt the space, exist in the space. One way to distinguish an installation from a sculpture (this may not apply to every installation) is to try to imagine it in a different space. If the objects present difficulties in a different space than the original, it is probably an installation.
[edit]
Light
[edit]
Literature
[edit]
Traditional writing media
- Digital word processor
- Internet websites
- Letterpress printing
- Computer printers
- Marker
- Pen and ink or *quill
- Pencil
[edit]
Common bases for writing
- Card stock
- Paper, perhaps ruled
- Vellum
[edit]
Natural world
[edit]
Painting
[edit]
Traditional paint media
- Acrylic paint
- Blacklight paint
- Encaustic paint
- Fresco
- Gesso
- Glaze
- Gouache
- Ink
- Latex paint
- Magna paint
- Oil paint
- Primer
- Stencil
- Ink wash (sumi-e)
- Tempera or poster paint
- Vinyl paint (toxic/poisonous)
- Vitreous enamel
- Watercolor
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Indigenous materials for painting
- Human hair and blood
- Various bodily fluids and excrement including elephant dung
- Solar energy
- Garlic
- Rust
- Coffee
- Onion
- Coconut juice
- Mud
- Black palm
- Tomato
- Soy sauce
- Staple wire
- Ochre (Yellow,Red, White or charcoal)
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Supports for painting
- Architectural structures
- Canvas
- Ceramics
- Cloth
- Glass
- Human body (typically for tattoos)
- Metal
- Paper
- Paperboard
- Vellum
- Wall
- Wood
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Traditional tools and methods
- Action painting
- Aerosol paint
- Airbrush
- Batik
- Brush
- Cloth
- Paint roller or paint pad
- Palette knife
- Sponge
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Mural techniques
Muralists use many of the same media as panel painters, but due to the scale of their works, use different techniques. Some such techniques include:
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Graphic narrative media
Comics creators use many of the same media as traditional painters.
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Performing arts
The performing arts is a form of entertainment that is created by the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium. There are many skills and genres of performance; dance, theatre and re-enactment being examples. Performance art is a performance that may not present a conventional formal linear narrative.
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Photography
In photography a photosensitive surface is used to capture an optical still image, usually utilizing a lens to focus light. Some media include:
- Digital image sensor
- Photographic film
- Potassium dichromate
- Potassium ferricyanide and ferric ammonium citrate
- Silver nitrate
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Printmaking
In the art of printmaking, "media" tends to refer to the technique used to create a print. Common media include:
- Aquatint
- Computer printing
- Dye-sublimation printer
- Inkjet printer (sometimes called giclée printing)
- Laser printer
- Solid ink printer
- Thermal printer
- Embossing
- Engraving
- Etching
- Intaglio (printmaking)
- Letterpress (literature)
- Linocut
- Lithography
- Mezzotint
- Moku hanga
- Monotype
- Offset printing
- Photographic printing
- Planographic printing
- Printing press
- Relief printing
- Screen-printing
- Woodblock printing
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Sculpture
In sculpting, a solid structure and textured surface is shaped or combined using substances and components, to form a three-dimensional object. The size of a sculptured work can be built very big and could be considered as architecture, although more commonly a large statue or bust, and can be crafted very small and intricate as jewellery, ornaments and decorative reliefs.
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Materials
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Carving media
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Casting media
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Modeling media
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Assembled media
- Beads
- Corrugated fiberboard (cardboard)
- Edible material
- Foil
- Found objects
- Glue and other adhesives
- Paperboard
- Textile
- Wire
- Wood
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Finishing materials
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Tools
- Bristle brush
- Chisel and hammer (modern pneumatic)
- Clamp or vise
- Hammer or mallet (modern pneumatic)
- Kiln for heating ceramics and metals
- Knife
- Pliers
- Potter's wheel
- Power tools
- Sandpaper
- Saw
- Scraper
- Snips
- Welding and cutting torch
- Wirecutter
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Sound
The art of sound can be singular or a combination of speech or objects and crafted instruments, to create sounds, rhythms and music for a range of sonic hearing purposes. See also music and sound art.
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Technical products
The use of technical products as an art medium is a merging of applied art and science, that may involve aesthetics, efficiency and ergonomics using various materials.
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Textiles
In the art of textiles a soft and flexible material of fibers or yarn is formed by spinning wool, flax, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel and crocheting, knitting, macramé (knotting), weaving, or pressing fibres together (felt) to create a work.
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See also
- Collage
- Conceptual art
- Decorative arts
- Design tool
- Fashion design
- Fine art
- Fire performance
- Fresco
- Graffiti
- Graphic arts
- Liberal arts
- List of pen types, brands and companies
- Mixed media
- Multimedia
- New materials in 20th-century art
- Plastic arts
- Publishing
- Pyrotechnics
- Recording medium
- Stationery
- Video game art
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "List of art media" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
