April 19  

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 +"The premiere on 19 April 1774 of ''[[Iphigénie en Aulide]]'' sparked a huge [[controversy]], almost a war, such as had not been seen in the city since the [[Querelle des Bouffons]]. Gluck's opponents brought the leading Italian composer [[Niccolò Piccinni]] to Paris to demonstrate the superiority of [[Opera buffa|Neapolitan opera]], and the "whole town" engaged in an argument between "Gluckists" and "Piccinnists". The composers themselves took no part in the polemics, but when Piccinni was asked to set the libretto to ''[[Roland (Lully)|Roland]]'', on which Gluck was also known to be working, Gluck destroyed everything he had written for that opera up to that point."--Sholem Stein
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 +! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"| << [[April 18]]
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 +! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"| [[April 20]] >>
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== Art and culture== == Art and culture==
-== Births == 
-* [[1836]] - [[Ferdinand Cheval]] known as '''le facteur Cheval''', creator of the [http://images.google.com/images?um=1&tab=wi&hl=en&q=palais%20cheval Palais idéal] (d. [[1924]]). 
-*[[1928]] - [[William Klein]], American photographer and filmmaker. 
-*[[1932]] - [[Sergio Dangelo]], Italian avant-garde artist 
-*[[1933]] - [[Jayne Mansfield]], American actress and sex symbol. 
- 
-== Deaths == 
-*[[1768]] - [[Canaletto]], Venetian ''vedute'' painter 
-*[[1824]] - [[George Byron]], British poet 
-*[[1933]] - [[Charles Darwin]], English naturalist 
-*[[1989]] - [[Daphne du Maurier]], British writer 
- 
- 
-==Events== 
*[[1012]] &ndash; [[Martyrdom]] of [[Alphege]] in [[Greenwich, London]]. *[[1012]] &ndash; [[Martyrdom]] of [[Alphege]] in [[Greenwich, London]].
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Mae West]] is sentenced to 10 days in jail for [[obscenity]] for her play ''[[Sex (play)|Sex]]''. *[[1927]] &ndash; [[Mae West]] is sentenced to 10 days in jail for [[obscenity]] for her play ''[[Sex (play)|Sex]]''.
*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Charles Manson]] is sentenced to death for the Sharon Tate murders. *[[1971]] &ndash; [[Charles Manson]] is sentenced to death for the Sharon Tate murders.
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[The Simpsons]] premieres as a short cartoon on [[The Tracey Ullman Show]] *[[1987]] &ndash; [[The Simpsons]] premieres as a short cartoon on [[The Tracey Ullman Show]]
- 
==Births== ==Births==
-*[[1603]] &ndash; [[Michel le Tellier]], French statesman (d. 1685)+* [[1836]] - [[Ferdinand Cheval]], creator of the Palais idéal (d. [[1924]]).
-*[[1658]] &ndash; [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine]] (d. 1716)+*[[1926]] - [[William Klein (photographer)|William Klein]], American photographer and filmmaker. (d. 2022)
-*[[1665]] &ndash; [[Jacques Lelong]], French bibliographer (d. 1721)+
-*[[1686]] &ndash; [[Vasily Tatishchev]], Russian statesman (d. 1750)+
-*[[1721]] &ndash; [[Roger Sherman]], signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)+
-*[[1785]] &ndash; [[Alexandre Pierre François Boëly]], French composer (d. 1858)+
-*[[1787]] &ndash; [[Deaf Smith]], American frontiersman and revolutionary (d. 1837)+
-*[[1793]] &ndash; Emperor [[Ferdinand I of Austria]] (d. 1875) +
-*[[1814]] &ndash; [[Louis Amédée Achard]], French novelist (d. 1875)+
-*[[1832]] &ndash; [[José Echegaray y Eizaguirre]], Spanish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1916)+
-*[[1874]] &ndash; [[Ernst Rüdin]], Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)+
-*[[1877]] &ndash; [[Ole Evinrude]], Norwegian-American inventor (d. 1934)+
-*[[1882]] &ndash; [[Getúlio Vargas]], President of Brazil (d. 1954)+
-*[[1883]] &ndash; [[Richard von Mises]], Austrian-born mathematician (d. 1953)+
-*[[1889]] &ndash; [[Otto Georg Thierack]], German jurist and politician (d. 1946)+
-*[[1892]] &ndash; [[Germaine Tailleferre]], French composer (d. 1983)+
-*[[1897]] &ndash; [[Peter de Noronha]], Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)+
-* 1897 &ndash; [[Constance Talmadge]], American actress (d. 1973)+
-*[[1899]] &ndash; [[George O'Brien (actor)|George O'Brien]], American actor (d. 1985)+
-*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Richard Hughes (writer)|Richard Hughes]], English novelist (d. 1976)+
-* 1900 &ndash; [[Roland Michener]], [[Governor General of Canada]] (d. 1991)+
-*[[1903]] &ndash; [[Eliot Ness]], American lawman (d. 1957)+
-*[[1912]] &ndash; [[Glenn Seaborg]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1999)+
-*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Erich Hartmann]], German fighter pilot (d. 1993)+
-*[[1925]] &ndash; [[Hugh O'Brian]], American actor+
*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Alexis Korner]], English musician (d. 1984) *[[1928]] &ndash; [[Alexis Korner]], English musician (d. 1984)
-*[[1930]] &ndash; [[Dick Sargent]], American actor (d. 1994)+*[[1932]] - [[Sergio Dangelo]], Italian avant-garde artist
-*[[1931]] &ndash; [[Garfield Morgan]], English actor+*[[1932]] &ndash; [[Fernando Botero]], Colombian painter and sculptor (d. 2023)
-* 1931 &ndash; [[Walter Stewart (journalist)|Walter Stewart]], Canadian journalist (d. 2004)+
-*[[1932]] &ndash; [[Fernando Botero]], Colombian artist+
-*[[1933]] &ndash; [[Dickie Bird]], English cricket umpire+
* 1933 &ndash; [[Jayne Mansfield]], American actress (d. 1967) * 1933 &ndash; [[Jayne Mansfield]], American actress (d. 1967)
*[[1934]] &ndash; [[Dickie Goodman]], American producer of novelty songs (d. 1989) *[[1934]] &ndash; [[Dickie Goodman]], American producer of novelty songs (d. 1989)
*[[1935]] &ndash; [[Dudley Moore]], English actor, comedian and composer (d. 2002) *[[1935]] &ndash; [[Dudley Moore]], English actor, comedian and composer (d. 2002)
-*[[1936]] &ndash; [[Wilfried Martens]], [[Prime Minister of Belgium]]+*[[1942]] &ndash; [[Alan Price]], English musician ([[The Animals]], The Alan Price Set)
-*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Elinor Donahue]], American actress+*[[1944]] &ndash; [[Bernie Worrell]], American keyboardist (d. 2016)
-* 1937 &ndash; [[Joseph Estrada]], actor and 13<sup>th</sup> [[President of the Philippines]]+
-*[[1940]] &ndash; [[Dougal Haston]], Scottish mountaineer (d. 1977)+
-* 1940 &ndash; [[Genya Ravan]], American vocalist ([[Goldie & the Gingerbreads]], [[Ten Wheel Drive]])+
-*[[1941]] &ndash; [[Roberto Carlos (singer)|Roberto Carlos]], Brazilian singer+
-* 1941 &ndash; [[Bobby Russell]], American songwriter (d. 1992)+
-* 1941 &ndash; [[Alan Price]], English musician ([[The Animals]], The Alan Price Set)+
-*[[1942]] – [[Bas Jan Ader]], Dutch artist (disappeared 1975).+
-* 1942 &ndash; [[Jack Roush]], American racing entrepreneur+
-*[[1943]] &ndash; [[Eve Graham]], Scottish singer ([[The New Seekers]])+
-*[[1944]] &ndash; [[James Heckman]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Bank of Sweden Prize]]+
-* 1944 &ndash; [[Bernie Worrell]], American keyboardist ([[P Funk]])+
-* 1944 &ndash; [[Keith Erickson]], American basketball player+
-*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Tim Curry]], British actor+
-* 1946 &ndash; [[Mary Jo Slater]], American casting director+
-*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Murray Perahia]], American pianist+
-* 1947 &ndash; [[Mark Volman]], American musician ([[The Turtles]])+
-*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Rick Miller (baseball player)|Rick Miller]], American baseball player+
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Paloma Picasso]] daughter of artist [[Pablo Picasso]] *[[1949]] &ndash; [[Paloma Picasso]] daughter of artist [[Pablo Picasso]]
-* 1949 &ndash; [[Larry Walters]], American "lawn chair" pilot (d. 1993)+*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Ruby Wax]], British television personality
-*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Barry Brown]], American actor and writer (d. 1978)+
-* 1951 &ndash; [[Jóannes Eidesgaard]], Prime Minister of the [[Faroe Islands]]+
-*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Alexis Arguello]], Nicaraguan boxer+
-*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Rod Morgenstein]], American musician ([[Winger (band)|Winger]])+
-* 1953 &ndash; [[Ruby Wax]], British television personality+
-*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Trevor Francis]], English footballer+
-*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Bob Rock]], Canadian record producer & musician ([[The Payolas]])+
-*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Mukesh Ambani]], Indian businessman+
-*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Roger Merrett]], Australian footballer+
-* 1960 &ndash; [[John Schweitz]], American basketball player and coach+
-* 1960 &ndash; [[Frank Viola]], American baseball player+
-*[[1961]] &ndash; [[Spike Owen]], American baseball player+
-*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Al Unser, Jr.]], American race car driver+
-*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Valerie Plame Wilson]], former [[C.I.A.]] agent+
-*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Natalie Dessay]], French soprano+
-* 1965 &ndash; [[Suge Knight]], American record producer+
-*[[1966]] &ndash; [[Véronique Gens]], French soprano+
-*[[1966]] &ndash; [[Julia Neigel]], German singer, songwriter, producer, author and entertainer+
-* 1966 &ndash; [[David La Haye]], Canadian actor+
-* 1966 &ndash; [[Osamu Matsuda]], Japanese professional wrestler+
-*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Steven H Silver]], American science fiction editor+
-* 1967 &ndash; [[Dar Williams]], American musician and songwriter+
-*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Ashley Judd]], American actress+
-* 1968 &ndash; [[Craig McNeil]], American writer, lawyer, and military officer+
-* 1968 &ndash; [[Mswati III]], [[King of Swaziland]]+
-* 1968 &ndash; [[Pascal Kleiman]], Spanish DJ, producer, musician+
-* 1968 &ndash; [[Arshad Warsi]], Indian actor+
-*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Jesse G. James|Jesse James]], American television personality and motorcycle builder+
-* 1969 &ndash; [[Susan Polgar]], Hungarian-born American chess player+
-*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Kelly Holmes]], English athlete+
-* 1970 &ndash; [[Luis Miguel Gallego Basteri|Luis Miguel]], Mexican pop-singer+
-*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Rivaldo]], Brazilian footballer+
-* 1972 &ndash; [[Jeff Wilkins]], American Football Player+
-*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Akara Amarttayakul]], Thai actor+
-*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Jason Gillespie]], Australian cricketer+
-* 1975 &ndash; [[Jussi Jääskeläinen]], Finnish footballer+
-*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Ruud Adrianus Jolie|Ruud Jolie]], Dutch guitarist ([[Within Temptation]])+
-* 1976 &ndash; [[Scott Padgett]], American basketball player+
-*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Joe Beimel]], American baseball player+
-* 1977 &ndash; [[Lucien Mettomo]], Cameroonian footballer+
-* 1977 &ndash; [[Dennys Reyes]], Mexican baseball player+
-*[[1978]] &ndash; [[James Franco]], American actor+
-* 1978 &ndash; [[Gabriel Heinze]], Argentinian footballer+
-* 1978 &ndash; [[Amanda Sage]], American born visionary artist+
-*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Kate Hudson]], American actress+
-*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Alexis Thorpe]], American actress+
-*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Hayden Christensen]], Canadian actor+
-* 1981 &ndash; [[Martin Havlat]], Czech hockey player+
-* 1981 &ndash; [[Kasie Head]], American actress and model+
-* 1981 &ndash; [[Troy Polamalu]], American football player+
-* 1981 &ndash; [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]], Colombian actress+
-*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Alberto Callaspo]], Venezuelan baseball player+
-* 1983 &ndash; [[Zack Duke]], American baseball player+
-* 1983 &ndash; [[Joe Mauer]], American baseball player+
-* 1983 &ndash; [[Curtis Thigpen]], American baseball player+
-*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Lee Da Hae]], South Korean actress+
-*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Valon Behrami]], Swiss Footballer+
-*[[1986]] &ndash; [[Candace Parker]], American basketball player+
-*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Joe Hart]], English Under-21 footballer+
-* 1987 &ndash; [[Maria Sharapova]], Professional Tennis Player+
-* 1987 &ndash; [[Oksana Akinshina]], Russian actress+
-* 1987 &ndash; [[Courtland Mead]], American actor +
- +
-*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Fiona MacGillivray]], Canadian vocalist ([[The Cottars]])+
-*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Kim Chiu]], Filipino actress+
- +
-<!-- +
-Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list+
-Do not trust “this year in history” websites for accurate date information+
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.+
--->+
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1012]] &ndash; [[Alphege]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. 954) 
-*[[1054]] &ndash; [[Pope Leo IX]] (b. 1002) 
-*[[1390]] &ndash; King [[Robert II of Scotland]] (b. 1316) 
-*[[1560]] &ndash; [[Philipp Melanchthon]], German humanist and reformer (b. 1497) 
-*[[1567]] &ndash; [[Michael Stifel]], German mathematician (b. 1487) 
-*[[1578]] &ndash; [[Uesugi Kenshin]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530) 
*[[1588]] &ndash; [[Paolo Veronese]], Italian painter *[[1588]] &ndash; [[Paolo Veronese]], Italian painter
-*[[1608]] &ndash; [[Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset]], English statesman and poet (b. 1536) 
-*[[1618]] &ndash; [[Thomas Bastard]], clergyman and epigrammatist  
-*[[1627]] &ndash; [[John Beaumont (poet)|John Beaumont]], English poet (b. 1583) 
-*[[1629]] &ndash; [[Sigismondo d'India]], Italian composer 
-*[[1684]] &ndash; [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], English theologian and colonist (b. 1603) 
-*[[1686]] &ndash; [[Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra]], Spanish writer (b. 1610) 
-*[[1689]] &ndash; Queen [[Christina of Sweden]] (b. 1626) 
-*[[1733]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Villiers]], mistress of [[William III of England]] 
-*[[1739]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Saunderson]], English mathematician 
-*[[1751]] &ndash; [[Peter Lacy]], Irish-born Russian Field marshal (b. 1678) 
*[[1768]] &ndash; [[Canaletto]], Italian artist (b. 1697) *[[1768]] &ndash; [[Canaletto]], Italian artist (b. 1697)
*[[1791]] &ndash; [[Richard Price]], Welsh philosopher (b. 1723) *[[1791]] &ndash; [[Richard Price]], Welsh philosopher (b. 1723)
-*[[1813]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Rush]], physician, activist (b. 1745) 
*[[1824]] &ndash; [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron]], English poet (b. 1788) *[[1824]] &ndash; [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron]], English poet (b. 1788)
-*[[1831]] &ndash; [[Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger]], German mathematician (b. 1765) 
-*[[1840]] &ndash; [[Jean-Jacques Lartigue]], Roman catholic bishop of Montreal (b. 1777) 
-*[[1854]] &ndash; [[Robert Jameson]], Scottish naturalist (b. 1774) 
-*[[1881]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield|Benjamin Disraeli]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. 1804) 
*[[1882]] &ndash; [[Charles Darwin]], English biologist (b. 1809) *[[1882]] &ndash; [[Charles Darwin]], English biologist (b. 1809)
-*[[1892]] &ndash; [[T. Pelham Dale|Fr. Thomas Dale]] [[Society of the Holy Cross|SSC]], [[Anglican]] [[clergyman]] prosecuted for [[Ritualism|Ritualist practices]] in the [[1870s]] (b. 1821)+*[[1893]] - [[John Addington Symonds]], English poet and literary critic. (d. [[1840]])
-*[[1901]] &ndash; [[Alfred Horatio Belo]], American newswriter and businessman (b. 1839)+
-*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Pierre Curie]], French physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1859)+
-*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Spencer Gore (sportsman)|Spencer Gore]], British tennis player and cricketer (b. 1850)+
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Charles Sanders Peirce]], American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1839) *[[1914]] &ndash; [[Charles Sanders Peirce]], American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1839)
-*[[1916]] &ndash; [[Ephraim Shay]], American inventor (b. 1839) 
-*[[1926]] &ndash; [[Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov]], Russian statistician (b. 1874) 
-*[[1930]] &ndash; [[Georges-Casimir Dessaulles]], Canadian senator (b. 1827) 
-*[[1937]] &ndash; [[William Martin Conway]], British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856) 
-*[[1941]] &ndash; [[Johanna Müller-Hermann]], Austrian composer and pedagogue (b. 1878) 
-*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Ulrich Salchow]], Swedish figure skater (b. 1877) 
-*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Ernst Robert Curtius]], Alsatian philologist (b. 1886)  
-*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Konrad Adenauer]], German statesman (b. 1876) 
-*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Kwon Ki-ok]], first Korean female pilot (b. 1901) 
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Daphne du Maurier]], British novelist (b. 1907) *[[1989]] &ndash; [[Daphne du Maurier]], British novelist (b. 1907)
-*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Stanley Hawes]], British-born Australian film producer, director and administrator (b. 1905)+*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Benny Hill]], English comic actor (b. 1924)
-*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Frankie Howerd]], English comedian (b. 1917)+
-* 1992 &ndash; [[Benny Hill]], English comic actor (b. 1924)+
-*[[1993]] &ndash; [[David Koresh]], leader of [[Branch Davidians]] (b. 1959)+
-* 1993 &ndash; [[George S. Mickelson]], American politician (b. 1941) +
-*[[1997]] &ndash; [[Eldon Hoke|El Duce]], American singer and drummer ([[The Mentors]]) (b. 1958)+
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Octavio Paz]], Mexican diplomat and writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1914) *[[1998]] &ndash; [[Octavio Paz]], Mexican diplomat and writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1914)
-*[[1999]] &ndash; [[David Sanes]], US Navy employee 
-* 1999 &ndash; [[Hermine Braunsteiner]], Nazi war criminal (b. 1919) 
-*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Louis Applebaum]], Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1918) 
-*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Layne Staley]], [[Alice in Chains]] (b. 1967) 
-*[[2004]] &ndash; [[Norris McWhirter]], Scottish co-founder of the ''Guinness Book of Records'' (b. 1925) 
-* 2004 &ndash; [[John Maynard Smith]], English biologist (b. 1920) 
-*[[2005]] &ndash; [[Ruth Hussey]], American actress (b. 1911) 
-* 2005 &ndash; [[Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen]], Danish jazz bassist (b. 1946) 
-* 2005 &ndash; [[George Pan Cosmatos]], Greek film director (b. 1941) 
-* 2005 &ndash; [[Clement Meadmore]], Australian sculptor (b. 1929) 
-*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Albert Scott Crossfield|Scott Crossfield]], American pilot, first man to fly at Mach 2 (b. 1921) 
-*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Zola Levitt]], Messianic Jewish preacher (b. 1938) 
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[Jean-Pierre Cassel]], French actor (b. 1932) *[[2007]] &ndash; [[Jean-Pierre Cassel]], French actor (b. 1932)
-* 2007 &ndash; [[Helen Walton]], wife of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton (b. 1919) 
-*[[2008]] &ndash; [[John Marzano]], American baseball player (b. 1963) 
-* 2008 &ndash; [[Germaine Tillion]], French anthropologist, member of French Resistance (b. 1907) 
-* 2008 &ndash; [[Alfonso López Trujillo]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] (b. 1935) 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Current revision

"The premiere on 19 April 1774 of Iphigénie en Aulide sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as had not been seen in the city since the Querelle des Bouffons. Gluck's opponents brought the leading Italian composer Niccolò Piccinni to Paris to demonstrate the superiority of Neapolitan opera, and the "whole town" engaged in an argument between "Gluckists" and "Piccinnists". The composers themselves took no part in the polemics, but when Piccinni was asked to set the libretto to Roland, on which Gluck was also known to be working, Gluck destroyed everything he had written for that opera up to that point."--Sholem Stein

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