Influence of Hegel, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger on post-war French philosophy
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| Nietzsche's influence went through Georges Bataille and the [[Acéphale]] group, down to [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Gilles Deleuze]]. The [[Acéphale]] group is partly responsible for reclaiming Nietzsche for Western Philosophy, after decades of Nazi appropriation. | Nietzsche's influence went through Georges Bataille and the [[Acéphale]] group, down to [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Gilles Deleuze]]. The [[Acéphale]] group is partly responsible for reclaiming Nietzsche for Western Philosophy, after decades of Nazi appropriation. | ||
| - | Heidegger and Husserl's influence was felt, firstly, in the [[existential phenomenology]] of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. Even [[Simonne de Beauvoir]]'s feminism borrowed extensively from this current. She used phenomenological conceptualizations of consciousness, time and memory to conceptualize Woman. Later, most famously, Jacques Derrida deconstructed Husserl in ''[[Of Grammatology]]''. | + | Heidegger and Husserl's influence was felt, firstly, in the [[existential phenomenology]] of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. Even [[Simone de Beauvoir]]'s feminism borrowed extensively from this current. She used phenomenological conceptualizations of consciousness, time and memory to conceptualize Woman. Later, most famously, Jacques Derrida deconstructed Husserl in ''[[Of Grammatology]]''. |
| Finally, Freud was most avidly championed by Jacques Lacan's "return to Freud". Lacan's lectures caused a stir in Parisian intellectual circles akin to Alexandre Kojève's a generation earlier. Attended only by clinical trainees at first, as time wore on Lacan opened up his seminars to philosophers and artists of various kinds. Lacan's writings impacted the whole generation - while Louis Althusser found the theoretical apparatus in Lacan to talk about interpellation and ideology, Jacques Alain Miller, Althusser's student at first, would go on to become Lacan's most devoted follower. The [[French Feminists]] - [[Irigaray]], [[Kristeva]], [[Cixous]], responded to Lacan in various ways, and perhaps most famously, Deleuze and Guattari's ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' presented a strong critique of the practice of psychoanalysis. | Finally, Freud was most avidly championed by Jacques Lacan's "return to Freud". Lacan's lectures caused a stir in Parisian intellectual circles akin to Alexandre Kojève's a generation earlier. Attended only by clinical trainees at first, as time wore on Lacan opened up his seminars to philosophers and artists of various kinds. Lacan's writings impacted the whole generation - while Louis Althusser found the theoretical apparatus in Lacan to talk about interpellation and ideology, Jacques Alain Miller, Althusser's student at first, would go on to become Lacan's most devoted follower. The [[French Feminists]] - [[Irigaray]], [[Kristeva]], [[Cixous]], responded to Lacan in various ways, and perhaps most famously, Deleuze and Guattari's ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' presented a strong critique of the practice of psychoanalysis. | ||
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Revision as of 12:59, 3 January 2019
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"French theory has been very popular in post-war American academia, much like German philosophy has been in French academia." --Sholem Stein |
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One suggested way of understanding French philosophy of the mid-20th century, it has been suggested, is to locate the major influential figures in their current. The major influences were primarily six German philosophers from preceding eras - Hegel, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger. For example, Alexandre Kojève's Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit were quite a sensation in Paris in the 1930s. It was attended by Georges Bataille and a young Jacques Lacan among others. Jean Wahl and Jean Hyppolite were also responsible for spreading Hegel's lectures into Parisian circles.
Marx was introduced to philosophers both inside and outside the university. Many, like Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, grew up during the Resistance against Nazi occupation, during which time they were introduced to Marxist-Leninists.
Nietzsche's influence went through Georges Bataille and the Acéphale group, down to Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze. The Acéphale group is partly responsible for reclaiming Nietzsche for Western Philosophy, after decades of Nazi appropriation.
Heidegger and Husserl's influence was felt, firstly, in the existential phenomenology of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty. Even Simone de Beauvoir's feminism borrowed extensively from this current. She used phenomenological conceptualizations of consciousness, time and memory to conceptualize Woman. Later, most famously, Jacques Derrida deconstructed Husserl in Of Grammatology.
Finally, Freud was most avidly championed by Jacques Lacan's "return to Freud". Lacan's lectures caused a stir in Parisian intellectual circles akin to Alexandre Kojève's a generation earlier. Attended only by clinical trainees at first, as time wore on Lacan opened up his seminars to philosophers and artists of various kinds. Lacan's writings impacted the whole generation - while Louis Althusser found the theoretical apparatus in Lacan to talk about interpellation and ideology, Jacques Alain Miller, Althusser's student at first, would go on to become Lacan's most devoted follower. The French Feminists - Irigaray, Kristeva, Cixous, responded to Lacan in various ways, and perhaps most famously, Deleuze and Guattari's Anti-Oedipus presented a strong critique of the practice of psychoanalysis.
