1948
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"Pop culture - the folk culture of the modern market, the culture of the instant, at once subsuming past and future and refusing to acknowledge the reality of either - began about 1948, in the United States and Great Britain." --Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, p. 257. |
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1948 is the 948th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1940s decade.
Contents |
Art and culture
- The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Jack Kerouac introduces the term Beat Generation
- Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
Literature
- And We'll Kill All the Ugly Ones by Boris Vian
- The City and the Pillar by Gore Vidal
- The Great Tradition by F. R. Leavis
Visual culture
Music
- Étude aux chemins de fer by Pierre Schaeffer is recorded
- Black Coffee by written by Sonny Burke, the lyrics by Paul Francis Webster
Births
- Tee Scott
- Catherine Breillat
- Ian McEwan
- Martin Hannett
- William Gibson
- Francis Grasso
- Glenn Branca
- Catherine Millet
- Eric Fischl
- Donald Fagen, American rock keyboardist
- John Carpenter, American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer
- Rick James, American Motown performer (d. 2004)
- Alice Cooper, American hard rock singer and musician
- Barbara Hershey, American actress
- Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American film actress
- Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician and author (d. 2002)
- Mike Figgis, American director, screenwriter and composer
- Bernadette Peters, American actress and singer
- James Ellroy, American writer
- Eddy Grant, Guyanese British singer and musician
- Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican singer and actor
- Jan Hammer, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist
- Terry Pratchett, English comic fantasy and science fiction author (d. 2015)
- Joe Esposito, American singer-songwriter
- Steve Winwood, English rock singer
- Brian Eno, English musician and record producer
- Stevie Nicks, American rock singer and songwriter
- Nick Drake, English musician (d. 1974)
- Nathalie Baye, French film, television and stage actress
- Cat Stevens, born Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam, British singer, musician
- Robert Plant, English singer (Led Zeppelin)
- Jean Michel Jarre, French electronic musician
- Fred Hampton, American activist (d. 1969)
- John Martyn, born Iain McGeachy, British folk-rock guitarist (d. 2009)
- Jeremy Irons, English actor
- Olivia Newton-John, English-born Australian singer and actress
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician (d. 1997)
- T. Coraghessan Boyle, American writer
- Lester Bangs, American music journalist (d. 1982)
- Samuel L. Jackson, African-American actor and film producer
- Gérard Depardieu, French actor
- Joe Dallesandro, American model and actor
- Donna Summer, African-American singer and actress (d. 2012)
Deaths
- January 8 – Kurt Schwitters, German artist (b. 1887)
- February 9 – Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882)
- February 11 – Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film director (b. 1898)
- March 4 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright, actor and director (b. 1896)
Deaths
January
[[File:Giaccardo.jpg|thumb|100px|Giuseppe Giaccardo]] [[File:Prince Aimone of Savoy - restored.jpg|thumb|100px|King Tomislav II of Croatia]] [[File:MKGandhi.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Mohandas Gandhi]] [[File:Orville Wright 1905-crop.jpg|thumb|100px|Orville Wright]]
- January 1 – Edna May, American actress (b. 1878)
- January 2 – Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet (b. 1893)
- January 4 – Anna Kallina, Austrian actress (b. 1874)
- January 5 – Mary Dimmick Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858)
- January 7
- Charles C. Wilson, American actor (b. 1894)
- Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Spanish educator and feminist (b. 1882)
- Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870)
- January 12 – Herbert Allen Farmer, American criminal (b. 1891)
- January 19 – Tony Garnier, French architect (b. 1869)
- January 21
- Eliza Moore, last person born into slavery in the United States (b. 1843)
- Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (b. 1876)
- January 24
- Bill Cody, American actor (b. 1891)
- Giuseppe Giaccardo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1896)
- Maria Mandl, Austrian criminal (b. 1912)
- January 26 – Georg Bruchmüller, influential German artillery officer (b. 1863)
- January 28 – Anna Maria Gove, American physician (b. 1867)
- January 29 – King Tomislav II of Croatia (b. 1900)
- January 30
- Nigel De Brulier, British actor (b. 1877)
- Sir Arthur Coningham, British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b. 1895)
- Mahatma Gandhi, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869)
- Herb Pennock, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1894)
- Orville Wright, American co-inventor of the airplane (b. 1871)
- January 31 – John T. Daniels, American Coast Guardsman, took the Wright brothers first flight photograph (b. 1873)
February
[[File:Laura Wheeler Waring.jpg|thumb|100px|Laura Wheeler Waring]] [[File:Karl Valentin by Eugen Rosenfeld (1870 - 1940).jpg|thumb|100px|Karl Valentin]] [[File:Sergei Eisenstein 03.jpg|thumb|100px|Sergei Eisenstein]] [[File:Никодим (Мунтяну).jpg|thumb|100px|Patriarch Nicodim of Romania]]
- February 1 – Jatindramohan Bagchi, Indian (Bengali) poet (b. 1878)
- February 2 – Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (b. 1894)
- February 3 – Laura Wheeler Waring, African-American painter, known for Harlem Renaissance portraits (b. 1887)
- February 4 – Otto Praeger, American postal official who implemented U.S. Airmail (b. 1871)
- February 8 – Samuel P. Bush, American businessman and industrialist (b. 1863)
- February 9
- Burns Mantle, American theatre critic (b. 1873)
- Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882)
- Isaac Isaacs, 9th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1855)
- February 12 – Theodor Caspari, Norwegian poet, novelist, writer, literary critic and teacher (b. 1853)
- February 14 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1876)
- February 15 – Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Indian poet (b. 1904)
- February 17 – Enrique Finochietto, Argentine academic, physician and inventor (b. 1881)
- February 18 – Renato Balestrero, Italian racecar driver (b. 1898)
- February 23 – John Robert Gregg, Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. 1866)
- February 25
- Alfredo Baldomir, Uruguayan politician, soldier and architect, 27th President of Uruguay, leader of World War II (b. 1884)
- Alexander du Toit, South African geologist (b. 1878)
- Felix Krueger, German psychologist (b. 1874)
- Juan Esteban Montero, Chilean political figure and 20th President of Chile (b. 1879)
- February 27
- Charles Gifford, New Zealand astronomer, explorer and teacher (b. 1861)
- Patriarch Nicodim of Romania (b. 1864)
- February 28 – Camila Quiroga, Argentine actress (b. 1891)
March
[[File:Donpierofolli.JPG|thumb|110px|right|Blessed Piero Folli]]
- March 1 – Gabriel Brunet de Sairigné, French general (b. 1913)
- March 6 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (suicide) (b. 1914)
- March 8 – Piero Folli, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1881)
- March 10
- Zelda Fitzgerald, American wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald (b. 1900)
- Jan Masaryk, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1886)
- March 14
- Giuseppina Catanea, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1894)
- Senge Motomaro, Japanese poet (b. 1888)
- March 17 – Paul Dupuy, French historian and biographer (b. 1856)
- March 23 – Kōzō Satō, Japanese admiral (b. 1871)
- March 24
- Nikolai Berdyaev, Soviet religious leader and political philosopher (b. 1874)
- Giovanni Cuomo, Italian politician, lawyer and teacher (b. 1874)
- Paolo Thaon di Revel, former admiral of the Royal Italian Navy (b. 1859)
- Sabbas of Kalymnos, Greek Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1862)
- March 30 – Giovanni Ceirano, Italian industrialist and automotive pioneer (b. 1865)
- March 31 – Egon Erwin Kisch, Austrian journalist and author (b. 1885)
April
[[File:Manuel A Roxas.jpg|thumb|100px|Manuel Roxas]] [[File:Kantaro Suzuki suit.jpg|thumb|100px|Kantaro Suzuki]] [[File:Mitsumasa Yonai smiling.jpg|thumb|100px|Mitsumasa Yonai]]
- April 2
- Biagio Biagetti, Italian painter (b. 1877)
- Baba Sawan Singh, Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b. 1858)
- April 5 – Angelo Joseph Rossi, American political figure and Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1878)
- April 7 – Isabel Andreu de Aguilar, Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b. 1887)
- April 8 – Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Palestinian Arab nationalist (b. 1907)
- April 9
- George Carpenter, 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872)
- Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (assassinated) (b. 1903)
- April 15 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman, 5th President of the Philippines (b. 1892)
- April 17 – Kantarō Suzuki, Japanese admiral, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1868)
- April 19 – Mikhail Rostovtsev, Soviet actor (b. 1872)
- April 20 – Mitsumasa Yonai, Japanese admiral and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880)
- April 21 – Carlos López Buchardo, Argentine composer (b. 1881)
- April 22 – Prosper Montagné, French chef and author (b. 1865)
- April 23 – Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1863)
- April 24 – Manuel Ponce, Mexican composer (b. 1882)
- April 25 – Gerardo Matos Rodriguez, Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b. 1897)
- April 30 – Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez, Puerto Rican educator and writer (b. 1866)
May
[[File:Lady Hartington.jpg|thumb|100px|Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington]] [[File:Dame May Whitty.jpg|thumb|100px|Dame May Whitty]]
- May 2 – Ángel Maria Herrera, Panamanian educator (b. 1859)
- May 3 – Ernst Tandefelt, Finnish nobleman, assassin of Minister Ritavuori (b. 1876)
- May 9
- Viola Allen, American actress (b. 1867)
- Frank Leigh, British actor (b. 1876)
- May 13
- Milan Begović, Yugoslavian writer (b. 1876)
- Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (b. 1920)
- May 15
- André Dauchez, French painter (b. 1870)
- Father Edward J. Flanagan, Irish-born American Roman Catholic priest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b. 1886)
- Toyoaki Horiuchi, Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b. 1900)
- May 16 – Muhammad Habibullah, Indian politician (b. 1869)
- May 18 – Francisco Alonso, Spanish composer (b. 1887)
- May 19 – Maximilian Lenz, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1860)
- May 21 – Jacques Feyder, French filmmaker (b. 1885)
- May 22 – Claude McKay, Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b. 1889)
- May 26 – Émile Gaston Chassinat, French egyptologist (b. 1868)
- May 28 – Unity Mitford, British socialite; friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1914)
- May 29 – Dame May Whitty, British actress (b. 1865)
- May 30 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (b. 1874)
June
[[File:Nasib-bitar-1.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Nasib al-Bitar]] [[File:PrensSabahattin.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Prince Sabahaddin]]
- June 1 – José Vianna da Motta, Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b. 1868)
- June 2 – Viktor Brack, German doctor (b. 1904), executed by hanging for warcrimes
- Karl Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1904)
- Rudolf Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1909)
- Karl Gebhardt, German S.S. officer (b. 1897)
- Waldemar Hoven, German S.S. officer (b. 1903)
- Joachim Mrugowsky, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
- Wolfram Sievers, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
- June 6 – Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1864)
- June 8 – Giacomo Albanese, Italian mathematician (b. 1890)
- June 13 – Osamu Dazai, Japanese writer (b. 1909)
- June 16 – Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra, Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b. 1898)
- June 25
- Bento de Jesus Caraça, Portuguese mathematician, economist, statistician (b. 1901)
- William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
- June 26
- Nasib al-Bitar, Palestine jurist (b. 1890)
- Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (murder) (b. 1924)
- June 30 – Prince Sabahaddin (b. 1879)
July
[[File:Albert Bates mugshot 1934.jpg|thumb|100px|Albert Bates]] [[File:Charles Fillmore (Unity Church).jpg|thumb|100px|Charles Fillmore]]
- July 1 – Assunta Marchetti, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed
- July 4
- Albert Bates, American criminal (b. 1893)
- Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (b. 1882)
- July 5
- Georges Bernanos, French writer (b. 1888)
- Charles Fillmore, American Protestant mystic (b. 1854)
- Carole Landis, American actress player (b. 1919)
- July 9
- James Baskett, American actor (Uncle Remus in Disney's Song of the South) (b. 1904)
- Alcibiades Diamandi, Greek political figure (b. 1893)
- July 11
- King Baggot, American actor (b. 1879)
- Franz Weidenreich, German anatomist and physical anthropologist (b. 1873)
- July 14
- Harry Brearley, British inventor of stainless steel (b. 1871)
- Marguerite Moreno, French actress (b. 1871)
- July 15 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
- July 17 – Ildebrando Zacchini, Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b. 1868)
- July 18
- May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (b. 1869)
- Baldassarre Negroni, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1877)
- July 21 – Arshile Gorky, Soviet-born painter (b. 1904)
- July 22 – Sud Mennucci, Brazilian journalist and educator (b. 1882)
- July 23 – D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth Of A Nation) (b. 1875)
- July 24 – Pencho Zlatev, Bulgarian general, 25th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1881)
- July 26 – Antonin Sertillanges, French Catholic philosopher and spiritual writer (b. 1863)
- July 27 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1880)
- July 28 – Susan Glaspell, American playwright (b. 1882)
- July 31 – Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, mistress of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (b. 1891)
August
[[File:Babe Ruth Red Sox 1918.jpg|thumb|100px|Babe Ruth]] [[File:Mrs. John Nance Garner.jpg|thumb|100px|Mariette Rheiner Garner]] [[File:Michael Michailovich Tarkhanov.jpg|thumb|100px|Mikhail Tarkhanov]]
- August 3 – Tommy Ryan, American boxing champion (b. 1870)
- August 7 – Charles Bryant, American actor (b. 1879)
- August 10
- Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (b. 1873)
- Andrew Brown, Scottish soccer coach (b. 1870)
- August 13 – Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (b. 1886)
- August 16 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1895)
- August 17 – Mariette Rheiner Garner, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1869)
- August 18 – Mikhail Tarkhanov, Soviet actor (b. 1877)
- August 26 – George Anderson, American actor (b. 1886)
- August 27
- Cissie Cahalan, Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b. 1876)
- Charles Evans Hughes, 11th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1862)
September
[[File:Edvard Beneš.jpg|thumb|100px|Edvard Benes]] [[File:Zar Ferdinand Bulgarien.jpg|thumb|100px|Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]] [[File:Cardinal Rossi.JPG|thumb|100px|Raffaele Rossi]] [[File:Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948).jpg|thumb|100px|Prince Adalbert of Prussia]]
- September 1 – Muhammad VII al-Munsif, ruler of Tunisia 1942–43 (b. 1881)
- September 2 – Sylvanus G. Morley, American scholar and World War I spy (b. 1883)
- September 3 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovakian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and 2-time President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
- September 5 – Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881)
- September 7 – André Suarès, French poet and critic (b. 1868)
- September 10 – Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Tsar of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
- September 11 – Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder and first Governor General of Pakistan (b. 1876)
- September 12
- Rupert D'Oyly Carte, British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. 1876)
- Carlo Servolini, Italian artist (b. 1876)
- September 13 – Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (b. 1874)
- September 17
- Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist and folklorist (b. 1887)
- Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. 1895)
- Emil Ludwig, German-born Swiss historian and biographer (b. 1881)
- Raffaele Rossi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence and servant of God (b. 1876)
- September 20 – Husain Salaahuddin, Famous Mahl writer (b. 1881)
- September 22 – Prince Adalbert of Prussia (b. 1884)
- September 24 – Warren William, American actor (b. 1894)
- September 26 – Gregg Toland, American cinematographer (b. 1904)
- September 27 – Frank Cellier, British actor (b. 1884)
- September 30
- Vasily Kachalov, Soviet actor (b. 1875)
- Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861)
October
[[File:Bain News Service - Franz Lehár.jpg|thumb|100px|Franz Lehár]]
- October 1 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam (b. 1884)
- October 2 – Mary Ryan, American actress (b. 1885)
- October 4 – Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Pakistani politician (b. 1879)
- October 5 – Umberto Coromaldi, Italian painter (b. 1870)
- October 10 – Saif Ali Janjua, Pakistani commander (b. 1922)
- October 12
- Susan Sutherland Isaacs, British educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
- Albert Power, Australian Roman Catholic and Jesuit priest and reverend (b. 1870)
- October 13 – Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (b. 1875)
- October 14 – Dale Fuller, American actress (b. 1885)
- October 15 – Edythe Chapman, American actress (b. 1863)
- October 16 – Maria Olga de Moraes Sarmento da Silveira, Portuguese feminist and writer (b. 1881)
- October 18 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881)
- October 19 – Mehmet Suphi Kula, Turkish general (b. 1881)
- October 21 – Elissa Landi, Italian actress (b. 1904)
- October 22
- Guillaume de Jerphanion, French Jesuit, epigrapher, geographer, photographer, linguist and archaeologist (b. 1877)
- Alexander Piorkowski, German SS officer (b. 1904)
- William Royland, British baronet
- October 24
- Franz Lehár, Hungarian composer (b. 1870)
- Peter Murdoch, Australian politician (b. 1865)
- October 31 – Mary Nolan, American actress (b. 1905)
November
[[File:Peterferdinandösterrtosk.jpg|thumb|100px|Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria]] [[File:Béla Miklós de Dálnok 1942.jpg|thumb|100px|Bela Miklos]]
- November 4
- Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-born American businessman (b. 1874)
- Filippo Perlo, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and missionary (b. 1873)
- November 7 – David Leland, American actor (b. 1932)
- November 8 – Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1874)
- November 9 – Edgar Kennedy, American actor (b. 1890)
- November 10
- Julius Curtius, German politician and diplomat (b. 1877)
- Jack Nelson, American actor and director (b. 1882)
- November 11 – Fred Niblo, American film director (b. 1874)
- November 12 – Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867)
- November 17 – Oerip Soemohardjo, Indonesian general (b. 1893)
- November 21 – Béla Miklós, Hungarian military officer and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890)
- November 23 – Hack Wilson, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1900)
- November 28 – D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (b. 1873)
- November 29
- Maria Koppenhöfer, German actress (b. 1901)
- Roberto Omegna, Italian cinematographer and director (b. 1876)
- November 30 – Franco Vittadini, Italian composer (b. 1884)
December
[[File:Matthew Charlton 1925.jpg|thumb|100px|Matthew Charlton]] [[File:Joao tamagnini barbosa 1.jpg|thumb|100px|João Tamagnini Barbosa]] [[File:Hideki Tojo.jpg|thumb|100px|Hideki Tojo]]
- December 3
- Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, South African politician (b. 1894)
- Luis Orrego Luco, Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b. 1866)
- Chano Pozo, Cuban percussionist (b. 1915)
- December 8 – Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (b. 1866)
- December 15 – João Tamagnini Barbosa, Portuguese military officer and politician, 69th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1883)
- December 20 – C. Aubrey Smith, British actor (b. 1863)
- December 23 – Japanese war leaders (hanged):
- Kenji Doihara, general (b. 1883)
- Kōki Hirota, diplomat and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878)
- Seishirō Itagaki, military officer (b. 1885)
- Heitarō Kimura, general (b. 1888)
- Iwane Matsui, general (b. 1878)
- Akira Mutō, general (b. 1892)
- Hideki Tojo, general, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1884)
- December 26 – John Westley, American actor (b. 1878)
- December 28
- Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, Indian civil servant and politician (b. 1894)
- Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Egyptian political figure, 27th Prime Minister of Egypt (assassinated) (b. 1888)
- December 29 – Guido Di Ruggiero, Italian philosopher, professor and politician (b. 1888)
- December 31 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land and water racer (b. 1885)