1949
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| * [[May 22]] - [[Klaus Mann]], German writer (b. [[1906]]) | * [[May 22]] - [[Klaus Mann]], German writer (b. [[1906]]) | ||
| * [[June 10]] - [[Sigrid Undset]], Norwegian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1882]]) | * [[June 10]] - [[Sigrid Undset]], Norwegian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1882]]) | ||
| + | * [[August 16]] - [[Margaret Mitchell]], American writer (''[[Gone with the Wind (novel)|Gone With the Wind]]'') (b. [[1900]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Carl Vaugoin]], Austrian politician, 8th [[Chancellor of Austria]] (b. [[1873]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 11]] – [[Giovanni Gioviale]], Italian composer (b. [[1885]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 12]] – [[Maria Candida of the Eucharist]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] religious professed and blessed (b. [[1884]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 14]] – [[Russell Doubleday]], American author, publisher (b. [[1872]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 19]] – [[Syed Zafarul Hasan]], Indian-Pakistani Muslim philosopher (b. [[1885]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 22]] – [[Robert Boudrioz]], French screenwriter, director (b. [[1887]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 24]] – [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], Greek politician, 3-time [[Prime Minister of Greece]] (b. [[1860]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 25]] – [[Buck Freeman]], American baseball player (b. [[1871]]) | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===July=== | ||
| - | [[File:Georgi Dimitrov.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Georgi Dimitrov]]]] | ||
| - | [[File:Douglas Hyde 2.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Douglas Hyde]]]] | ||
| - | [[File:Elleryclark.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ellery Harding Clark]]]] | ||
| - | [[File:Nils Östensson OB.FS0313.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Nils Östensson]]]] | ||
| - | * [[July 2]] – [[Georgi Dimitrov]], Bulgarian Communist leader, politician and 32nd [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (b. [[1882]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 9]] – [[Fritz Hart]], British composer (b. [[1874]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 11]] – [[Corneliu Dragalina]], Romanian general (b. [[1887]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 12]] – [[Douglas Hyde]], Irish academic, linguist and scholar, 1st [[President of Ireland]] (b. [[1860]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 15]] | ||
| - | ** [[Anastasios Dalipis]], Greek army officer, politician (b. [[1896]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Eva Marian Hubback]], British feminist (b. [[1886]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 18]] | ||
| - | ** [[Ted Alley]], Australian footballer (b. [[1881]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Francisco Javier Arana]], Guatemala army officer (b. [[1905]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Vítězslav Novák]], Czech composer (b. [[1870]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 21]] – [[Cesare Formichi]], Italian baritone (b. [[1883]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 23]] – [[Masaharu Anesaki]], Japanese scholar (b. [[1873]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 24]] – [[Nils Östensson]], Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (b. [[1918]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 26]] – [[Linda Arvidson]], American actress (b. [[1884]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 27]] – [[Ellery Harding Clark]], American Olympic athlete (b. [[1874]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 29]] – [[József Koszta]], Hungarian painter (b. [[1861]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 30]] | ||
| - | ** [[Stoyan Danev]], 13th [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (b. [[1858]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Albin Andersson]], Swedish farmer, manager and politician (b. [[1873]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Vicenta Chávez Orozco]], Mexican [[Roman Catholic]] religious professed and blessed (b. [[1867]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 31]] – [[Alfred Bashford]], English cricketer (b. [[1881]]) | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===August=== | ||
| - | [[File:Margaret Mitchell NYWTS.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Margaret Mitchell]]]] | ||
| - | * [[August 3]] – [[Ignotus]], Hungarian editor, writer (b. [[1869]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 4]] – [[Liberato Pinto]], 78th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. [[1880]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 5]] – [[Ernest Fourneau]], French chemist, pharmacologist (b. [[1872]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 9]] | ||
| - | ** [[Gustavus M. Blech]], German-born American physician, surgeon (b. [[1870]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Harry Davenport (actor)|Harry Davenport]], American actor (b. [[1866]]) | ||
| - | ** [[G. E. M. Skues]], British inventor of nymph [[fly fishing]] (b. [[1858]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Edward Thorndike]], American psychologist (b. [[1874]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 10]] – [[Homer Burton Adkins]], American chemist (b. [[1892]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 12]] | ||
| - | ** [[George Cross (actor)|George Cross]], Australian actor, director (b. [[1873]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Al Shean]], German-born actor (b. [[1868]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 14]] | ||
| - | ** [[Muhsin al-Barazi]], Syrian academic, lawyer, politician and 24th [[Prime Minister of Syria]] (b. [[1904]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Husni al-Za'im]], Syrian military man, politician, 23rd [[Prime Minister of Syria]] and 9th [[President of Syria]] (b. [[1897]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 16]] | ||
| - | ** [[Ramon Briones Luco]], Chilean lawyer, politician (b. [[1872]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Margaret Mitchell]], American writer (''[[Gone with the Wind (novel)|Gone With the Wind]]'') (b. [[1900]]) | ||
| * [[August 17]] – [[Gregorio Perfecto]], Filipino jurist, politician (b. [[1891]]) | * [[August 17]] – [[Gregorio Perfecto]], Filipino jurist, politician (b. [[1891]]) | ||
| * [[August 18]] – [[Paul Mares]], American musician (b. [[1900]]) | * [[August 18]] – [[Paul Mares]], American musician (b. [[1900]]) | ||
Revision as of 20:41, 29 December 2019
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"[Excess energy] must be spent, willingly or not, gloriously or catastrophically. This is the logic of sacrifice." --The Accursed Share, Georges Bataille "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman." --The Second Sex (1949) by Simone de Beauvoir |
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Featured: |
1949 (MCMXLIX) was the 949th year of the 2nd millennium, the 49th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1940s decade.
Contents |
Art and culture
- Calder Publishing founded
Music
- The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable and higher-fidelity replacement for the 78 rpm shellac discs.
Art
- Nude with cat by Balthus
Design
- "La Comma", an espresso machine by Gio Ponti for Pavoni
- 1949 Buick, see Streamline Moderne style
Architecture
- Glass House by Philip Johnson
Film
- Bitter Rice by Giuseppe De Santis
- Blood of the Beasts by Georges Franju
Literature
Fiction
- The Cannibal by John Hawkes
- Nineteen Eighty-Four by Georges Orwell
- The Aleph (short story collection) by Borges
Non-fiction
- The Accursed Share by Georges Bataille
- The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir
- Lautréamont and Sade by Maurice Blanchot
- "The Sign is Not Arbitrary" by Dwight Bolinger
- Love and Death: A Study in Censorship by Gershon Legman
- The Concept of Mind by Gilbert Ryle
Births
- Gil Scott-Heron, American musician
- Slavoj Žižek, Slovenian philosopher
- David Toop, English theorist
- Martin Amis, English writer
- Andy Kaufman, American actor
- Ken Wilber, American philosopher
- Linda Lovelace, American actress
- Twiggy, English model
- Leroy Sibbles, Jamaican musician
- Genesis P-Orridge, English musician
- Richard Hell, American musician
- Luigi Serafini (artist), Italian artist
Deaths
- James Ensor (1860 - 1949)
- Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949)
- E.J. Bellocq (1873-1949)
- Leonard Bloomfield (1887 - 1949)
Deaths
- January 6 - Victor Fleming, American director (b. 1889)
- January 14 - Harry Stack Sullivan, American psychiatrist (b. 1892)
- January 23 – Erich Klossowski, German-born Polish historian, painter (b. 1875)
- February 16 – Umberto Brunelleschi, Italian artist (b. 1879)
- May 6 - Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (b. 1862)
- May 19 – Paul Schultze-Naumburg, German architect, painter, publicist and politician (b. 1869)
- May 22 - Klaus Mann, German writer (b. 1906)
- June 10 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
- August 16 - Margaret Mitchell, American writer (Gone With the Wind) (b. 1900)
- August 17 – Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino jurist, politician (b. 1891)
- August 18 – Paul Mares, American musician (b. 1900)
- August 20 – Ludwig Halberstädter, German-born Israeli radiologist (b. 1876)
- August 22 – Amado Aguirre Santiago, Mexican general, politician (b. 1863)
- August 23 – Domingo Díaz Arosemena, Panamian politician, 12th President of Panama (b. 1875)
- August 27
- Abdulkerim Abbas, Chinese politician (b. 1921)
- Uemura Shōen, Japanese artist (b. 1875)
- August 29 – Franciszek Latinik, Polish general (b. 1864)
- August 30
- Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (b. 1877)
- Sevasti Qiriazi, Albanian educator, women's rights activist (b. 1871)
September
[[File:Max Liebermann Bildnis Richard Strauss.jpg|thumb|110px|Richard Strauss]] [[File:Pandeli Evangjeli.jpg|thumb|110px|Pandeli Evangjeli]] [[File:Chrysanthos.jpg|thumb|110px|Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens]]
- September 7 – José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (b. 1883)
- September 8 – Richard Strauss, German composer (Also Sprach Zarathustra) (b. 1864)
- September 10 – Wiley Rutledge, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1894)
- September 12 – Harry Burleigh, American composer (b. 1866)
- Erik Adolf von Willebrand, Finnish physician (b. 1870)
- September 13
- José Ignacio Cárdenas, Venezuelan diplomat, physician (b. 1874)
- August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
- September 14
- Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, German Resistance figure (b. 1901)
- Pandeli Evangjeli, Albanian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1859)
- September 15 – Heinie Beckendorf, American baseball catcher (b. 1884)
- September 18 – Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
- September 19
- Will Cuppy, American humorist (b. 1884)
- George Shiels, Irish writer (b. 1886)
- Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (b. 1901)
- September 20 – Richard Dix, American actor (b. 1893)
- September 22 – Sam Wood, American director (b. 1883)
- September 24 – Pierre de Bréville, French composer (b. 1861)
- September 25 – Peter Nielsen, Danish actor (b. 1876)
- September 27 – David Adler, American architect (b. 1882)
- September 28
- Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens (b. 1881)
- Émile Eddé, 4th Prime Minister, 3rd President of Lebanon (b. 1886)
October
[[File:Никита Будка (1877 - 1949).jpg|thumb|100px|right|Blessed Nykyta Budka]] [[File:Blessed Roman Lysko (1914 – 1949).jpg|thumb|100px|right|Blessed Roman Lysko]] [[File:Beata Madre Laura.JPG|thumb|100px|right|Saint Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena]] [[File:Cura Lorenzo ca 1910.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Blessed Lorenzo Massa]]
- October 1
- Nykyta Budka, Soviet Roman Catholic bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1877)
- Buddy Clark, American pop singer (b. 1912)
- October 2 – Luis Armiñán Pérez, Spanish politician (b. 1871)
- October 4 – Federico Beltrán Masses, Spanish painter (b. 1885)
- October 5 – Yoshio Kodaira, Japanese rapist, serial killer (executed) (b. 1905)
- October 6 – Timotheos Evangelinidis, Greek Orthodox priest, bishop (b. 1880)
- October 7 – Matiu Ratana, New Zealand politician (b. 1912)
- October 8 – Gheorghe Mironescu, Romanian politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1874)
- October 9 – Emanuele Foà, Italian engineer, physicist (b. 1892)
- October 14
- Fritz Leiber, American actor (b. 1882)
- Roman Lysko, Soviet Roman Catholic and Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (b. 1914)
- October 15
- Elmer Clifton, American actor, director (b. 1890)
- László Rajk, Hungarian Communist politician, former Foreign Minister (executed) (b. 1909)
- Jacques Copeau, French actor, producer, director and dramatist (b. 1879)
- October 21 – Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena, Colombian Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1874)
- October 22 – Craig Reynolds, American actor (b. 1907)
- October 23
- Almanzo Wilder, American writer, husband of Laura Ingalls Wilder (b. 1857)
- John Robert Clynes, British trade unionist, Labour politician (b. 1869)
- October 27
- František Halas, Czechoslovakian essayist, poet and translator (b. 1901)
- Ginette Neveu, French violinist (b. 1919)
- October 28
- Marcel Cerdan, French professional boxer (killed in plane crash) (b. 1916)
- Patriarch Guregh Israelian of Jerusalem (b. 1894)
- October 29
- George Gurdjieff, Soviet spiritual teacher (b. 1866)
- Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese naval officer, engineer, and politician, founder of the Nakajima Aircraft Company (b. 1884)
- October 31
- Jindřich Bišický, Czechoslovakian author (b. 1889)
- Lorenzo Massa, Argentine Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1882)
- Edward Stettinius, Jr., U.S. Secretary of State (b. 1900)
November
[[File:Hazhir.jpg|thumbnail|100px|Abdolhossein Hazhir]]
- November – María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide, head of the Imperial House of Mexico (b. 1872)
- November 2
- William Desmond, Irish actor (b. 1878)
- Jerome F. Donovan, American politician (b. 1872)
- November 3 – Solomon R. Guggenheim, American philanthropist (b. 1861)
- November 4 – Walther von Bonstetten, Swiss Boy Scout Association member (b. 1867)
- November 5 – Abdolhossein Hazhir, 54th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1899)
- November 8 – August Hagenbach, Swiss physicist (b. 1871)
- November 11
- Mun Bhuridatta, Thai Buddhist monk (b. 1871)
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (b. 1870)
- Ignatius Stelletskii, Soviet archaeologist, historian and researcher (b. 1878)
- November 15 – Nathuram Godse, assassin of Mohandas Gandhi (b. 1910), and his accomplice, Narayan Apte (b. 1911)
- November 19 – James Ensor, Belgian painter (b. 1860)
- November 23 – Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (b. 1859)
- November 25
- Mizuno Rentarō, Japanese statesman, politician and cabinet minister (b. 1868)
- Bill Robinson, African-American dancer (b. 1878)
- November 27
- Vincenzo Irolli, Italian painter (b. 1860)
- Martin Benno Schmidt, German pathologist (b. 1863)
- November 30 – Dame Irene Vanbrugh, British actress (b. 1872)
December
[[File:Leadbelly with Accordeon.jpg|thumb|110px|Lead Belly]] [[File:Antoni Ponikowski.jpg|thumb|110px|Antoni Ponikowski]] [[File:Jack Lovelock 1936b.jpg|thumb|110px|Jack Lovelock]]
- December 3
- Philip Barry, American playwright (b. 1896)
- Maria Ouspenskaya, Soviet actress, acting teacher (b. 1876)
- December 5 – Arthur Bedford, British navy officer (b. 1881)
- December 6
- Lead Belly, African-American blues musician (b. 1888)
- José María Zeledón Brenes, Costa Rican politician, poet, writer and journalist (b. 1877)
- December 7
- Rex Beach, American novelist, playwright and Olympic water polo player (b. 1877)
- Stanislas Blanchard, Canadian politician (b. 1871)
- December 8 – George Barnes, Australian businessman, politician (b. 1856)
- December 11
- Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (b. 1875)
- Marian Grzybowski, Polish dermatologist (b. 1895)
- December 16
- Sidney Olcott, Canadian film director (b. 1873)
- Lee White, American actor (b. 1888)
- December 22 – Manuel Camus, Filipino lawyer, politician (b. 1875)
- December 23 – Felix Kaufmann, Austrian-born American philosopher (b. 1895)
- December 24 – Gertrude Bacon, British aeronautical pioneer (b. 1874)
- December 25 – Leon Schlesinger, American producer, filmmaker (b. 1884)
- December 26 – Julius Brandt, Austrian actor (b. 1873)
- December 27 – Antoni Ponikowski, Polish academician, politician and 7th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1878)
- December 28
- Hervey Allen, American author (b. 1889)
- Jack Lovelock, New Zealand Olympic athlete (b. 1910)
- December 30 – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (b. 1871)
- December 31
- Josef Maria Auchentaller, Austrian architect, painter, draftsman and printmaker (b. 1865)
- Raimond Valgre, Estonian composer, musician (b. 1913)
Date unknown
- Zhang Haipeng, Chinese general (executed) (b. 1867)
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