1888  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Revision as of 17:22, 15 June 2011

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1880 - 1881 - 1882 - 1883 - 1884 - 1885 - 1886 - 1887 - 1888 - 1889 - 1890

Art and culture

• Jack the Ripper strikes
• The Football League is formed
• In Scotland, the Celtic F.C. plays its first official match winning 5–2 against Rangers F.C..
• In England, the first 6 Football League matches are played.

Literature

• My Secret Life: An Erotic Diary of Victorian London (1888) - Anonymous
• Istar
• Looking Backward - Edward Bellamy
• Plain Tales from the Hills - Rudyard Kipling

Art

• Quaerens Quem Devoret (1888) - Jean-Léon Gérôme
• Starry Night over the Rhone (1888) - Van Gogh
• Démasquée (1888) - Akseli Gallen-Kallela
• Cafe Terrace at Night (1888) - Vincent Van Gogh

Archaeology

• Excavations of Nippur sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania begin (continues through 1900).
• American Anthropologist journal is founded.
• First issue of the |magazine||National Geographic Magazine is published.
• National Geographic Society formed in the United States

Architecture

• The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, designed by Adolf Leonard van Gendt, opens.
• In Pointe Coupee, Louisiana, the Conquest Plantation is built in Victorian style.
• In Atlanta, Georgia Tech opens (as the "Georgia School of Technology"), with Tech Tower used for classrooms.
• Allegheny County Courthouse - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, designed by H.H. Richardson.

Music

• Wax phonograph cylinders are mass marketed.
• Birth of Lead Belly
• First performance of The Internationale in Lille, France
• Death of Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer and ultra virtuoso pianist

Science

• International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry, in Glasgow, Scotland
• The 91 cm refracting telescope at Lick Observatory is first used. The James Lick telescope was the largest refractor in the world at the time, and the observatory was the first established at the top of a mountain.
• The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. by Gardiner Greene Hubbard.
• The global atmospheric temperature returns to normal, five years after the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Krakatau). The volcanic dust veil, that had created spectacular atmospheric effects, also acted as a solar-radiation filter, lowering global temperatures by as much as 1.2 degrees Celsius in the year after the eruption.

Film

• Roundhay Garden Scene
• Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge
• Accordian Player
• Man Walking Around a Corner

Sport

• [American Football]]

College championship

• College football national championship – Yale Bulldogs (coached by Walter Camp)

Events

• Tackling below the waist is legalised.

• Association football

England

• FA Cup final – West Bromwich Albion 2–1 Preston North End at The Oval
• Walsall Town and Walsall Swifts merge to form Walsall Football Club. The club initially plays under the name of Walsall Town Swifts.
• Small Heath, later Birmingham City, is the first football club to form a limited company.

Origin of the Football League

• One of the problems facing professionalism is the lack of competitive matches, especially for teams that have been knocked out of the FA Cup. It is self–evident that crowds for friendly fixtures are much lower, which means a reduction in revenue and consequent struggle to pay wages.
• Aston Villa's Scottish director William McGregor seeks a solution by asking other professional clubs to arrange annual home and away fixtures on a competitive basis, with points to be awarded for winning and drawing. Following a conference between club directors on 23 March, the English Football League is founded on 17 April as one division of twelve clubs.
• The founder members are: Accrington FC (1888–1893), Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Derby County, Everton, Notts County, Preston North End, Stoke FC, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Scotland

• Scottish Cup final - Renton 6–1 Cambuslang
• Glasgow Celtic founded by members of the Marist Order, a teaching institute, as a way of raising money for a poor children’s charity. The club's first ground is a piece of rented land not far from the present Celtic Park. Celtic's first recorded match is a home "friendly" against Rangers; Celtic win 5–2 in what is therefore the inaugural "Old Firm Game".

International

• Tinsley Lindley scores in his ninth consecutive England game, a record that still stands.
• Durand Cup instituted by Mortimer Durand.as recreation for British troops stationed in India. t is the oldest tournament in India and the third oldest in the world.

• Baseball

National Championship

• National League v. American Association – New York Giants (NL) defeats Saint Louis Cardinals (AA) 6 games to 4.

Events

• The last of many adjustments finally sets four balls and three strikes for a "walk" and a strikeout.

• Boxing

Events

• The inaugural World Welterweight Champion is Paddy Duffy of Boston, Massachusetts who is recognised following his 17th round knockout of Billy McMillan at Fort Foote, Virginia on 30 October.[1] Duffy retains the title until his death (by tuberculosis) in 1890. The welterweight division is for fighters weighing between 140 and 147lb.

Lineal world champions

• World Heavyweight Championship – John L. Sullivan
• World Middleweight Championship – Jack Nonpareil Dempsey
• World Welterweight Championship – Paddy Duffy
• World Lightweight Championship – Jack McAuliffe

Rail transport

• Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway subsidiary companies complete construction of the final link in what has come to be known as the Surf Line connecting Los Angeles and San Diego.
• The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway (later to become known as the Milwaukee Road) operates the first passenger train with electric lights (rather than gas lights) in the United States west of Chicago, Illinois, on a train between Chicago and the Twin Cities.
• First train crosses Poughkeepsie Bridge, New York.
• The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway begins through service between Kansas City, Kansas, and Chicago, Illinois, over the railroad's newly completed line.

Poetry

• William Allingham, Flower Pieces, and Other Poems, illustrated by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
• Sir Edwin Arnold, translator from the Persian by Sa'di, With Sa'di in the Garden; or, The Book of Love
• Matthew Arnold, Essays in Criticism, Second Series
• William Ernest Henley, A Book of Verses

Births

January–March

• January – Lead Belly, American folk singer (d. 1949)
• January 1 – Victor Goldschmidt, Swiss geochemist (d. 1947)
• January 8 – Matt Moore, Irish-born actor (d. 1960)
• January 18 – Thomas Sopwith, British aviation pioneer and yachtsman (d. 1989)
• January 24
  • Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d. 1960)
  • Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d. 1958)
• February 2 – Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (d. 1969)
• February 8 – Edith Evans, British actress (d. 1976)
• February 17 – Otto Stern, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1969)
• February 19
  • José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (d. 1928)
  • Aurora Quezon, First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1949)
• February 20 – Georges Bernanos, French writer (d. 1948)
• February 23 – Huddie William Ledbetter (Lead Belly), American folk and blues musician (d. 1949)
• February 25 – John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State (d. 1959)
• February 27
  • Arthur Schlesinger, Sr., American historian (d. 1965)
  • Lotte Lehmann, German singer (d. 1976)
• March 1 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer (Leicestershire) (d. 1948)
• March 4 – Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
• March 10 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (d. 1966)
• March 26 – Elsa Brändström, Russian nurse (d. 1948)
• March 29 – James E. Casey, founder of the United Parcel Service (d. 1983)
• March 30 – Anna Q. Nilsson, Swedish American silent film star (d. 1974)

April–June

• April 4
  • Tris Speaker, Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1958)
  • Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr., Polish literary historian (d. 1975)
• April 6
  • Hans Richter, German filmmaker (d. 1976)
  • Gerhard Richter, German historian (d. 1967)
• April 18 – Duffy Lewis, Major League Baseball player (d. 1979)
• April 26 – Anita Loos, American writer (d. 1981)
• April 27 – Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d. 1917)
• May 10
  • Karl Barth, Protestant theologian (d. 1968)
  • Max Steiner, Austrian-American composer (d. 1971)
• May 11 – Irving Berlin, American composer (d. 1989)
• May 17 – Tich Freeman, English cricketer (d. 1965)
• May 23 – Zack Wheat, Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1972)
• May 25 – Miles Malleson, English actor (d. 1969)
• May 27 – Louis Durey, French composer (d. 1979)
• May 28 – Jim Thorpe, American athlete (d. 1953)
• May 31 – Jack Holt, American actor (d. 1951)
• June 3 – Tom Brown, American jazz musician (d. 1958)
• June 6 – Pete Wendling, American composer, pianist, and piano roll recording artist (d. 1974)
• June 9 – Ida Rentoul Outhwaite, Australian illustrator (d. 1960)
• June 13 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (d. 1935)
• June 16 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (d. 1980)
• June 24 – Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (d. 1964)
• June 27 – Antoinette Perry, New York stage director, Tony Award named for her (d. 1946)
• June 29 – Joseph 'Squizzy' Taylor, Australian underworld figure (d. 1927)

July–September

• July 5 – Herbert Spencer Gasser, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1963)
• July 10 – Giorgio Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978)
• July 16
  • Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
  • Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• July 17 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• July 22
  • Kirk Bryan, American geologist (d. 1950)
  • Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1973)
• July 23 – Raymond Chandler, American-born novelist (d. 1959)
• August 4 – Syedna Taher Saifuddin, Bohra spiritual leader (d. 1965)
• August 6
  • Stephen Galatti, Director of AFS, American Field Service (d. 1964)
  • Heinrich Schlusnus, German baritone (d. 1952)
• August 13
  • Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1975)
  • John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor (d. 1946)
• August 16
  • Armand J. Piron, American jazz musician (d. 1943)
  • T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt, writer, and academic (d. 1935)
• August 25 – Allama Mashriqi, Pakistani scholar and politician (d. 1963)
• September 4 – Margaret Emma Henley, J. M. Barrie's inspiration for the name "Wendy" in Peter Pan (d. 1894)
• September 5 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, President of India (d. 1975)
• September 6 – Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American politician (d. 1969)
• September 12 – Maurice Chevalier, French singer and actor (d. 1972)
• September 16 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• September 26
  • J. Frank Dobie, American folklorist and journalist (d. 1964)
  • T. S. Eliot, British (American-born) writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)

October–December

• October 6 – Roland Garros, French pilot (d. 1918)
• October 7 – Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States (d. 1965)
• October 8 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist (d. 1964)
• October 9 – Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
• October 16
  • Eugene O'Neill, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
  • Paul Popenoe, American eugenicist (d. 1979)
• October 19 – Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai, Indian Freedom Fighter, Tamil Poet (d. 1972)
• October 25 – Lester Cuneo, American actor (d. 1925)
• November 7 – Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, Indian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• November 15
  • Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian scientist (d. 1957)
  • José Raúl Capablanca, World chess champion 1921–1927 (d. 1942)
• November 16 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician (d. 1957)
• November 23 – Harpo Marx, American comedian (d. 1964)
• November 26 – Francisco Canaro, Uruguayan-born violinist and composer (d. 1964)
• November 28 – Edgar Church, American comic book collector (d. 1978)
• November 30 – Ralph Hartley, American electronics researcher and inventor (d. 1970)
• December 3 – Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, Polish-born Chief Rabbi of Ireland and of Israel (d. 1959)
• December 4 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia (d. 1934)
• December 6 – Will Hay, British actor and comedian (d. 1949)
• December 7 – Joyce Cary, Northern Irish author (d. 1957)
• December 16 – Alphonse Juin, Marshal of France (d. 1967)
• December 18
  • Robert Moses, American civil engineer, public works director, and highway and bridge builder (d. 1981)
  • Gladys Cooper, English actress, (d. 1971)
• December 19 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (d. 1963)
• December 20 – Yitzhak Baer, German-born Israeli historian (d. 1980)
• December 28 – F.W. Murnau, German film director (d. 1931)

Date unknown

• Mariano Andreu, Spanish painter (d. 1976)
• Philip Francis Nowlan, science fiction writer, creator of the Buck Rogers character (d. 1940)

Deaths

January–June

• January 19 – Anton de Bary, German biologist (b. 1831)
• January 20 – William Pitt Ballinger, Texas lawyer, southern statesman (b. 1825)
• January 29 – Edward Lear, British artist and writer (b. 1812)
• January 31 – John Bosco, Italian priest, youth worker, educator and founder of the Salesian Society (b. 1815)
• February 3 – Henry Maine, British jurist (b. 1822)
• February 5 – Anton Mauve, Dutch painter (b. 1838)
• February 24 – Seth Kinman, American hunter and settler (b. 1815)
• March 6
  • Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (b. 1832)
  • Josif Pančić, Serbian botanist (b. 1814)
• March 9 – German Emperor Wilhelm I (b. 1797)
• March 12 – Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (b. 1811)
• March 16 – Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman (b. 1801)
• March 23 – Morrison Waite, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1816)
• March 27 – Francesco Faà di Bruno, Italian mathematician (b. 1825)
• March 29 – Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer and pianist (b. 1813)
• April 15 – Matthew Arnold, English poet (b. 1822)
• May 26 – Ascanio Sobrero, Italian chemist (b. 1812)
• June 15 – German Emperor Friedrich III (b. 1831)

July–December

• July 20 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist and biologist (b. 1847)
• August 9 – Charles Cros, French poet (b. 1831)
• August 16 – John Stith Pemberton, American founder of Coca-Cola
• August 20 – Henry Richard, Welsh peace campaigner (b. 1812)
• August 23 – Philip Henry Gosse, British scientist (b. 1810)
• August 24 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist, contributor to thermodynamics (b. 1822)
• September 6 – Lester Wallack, Theater Impresario (b. 1820)
• September 11 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Politician, writer and father of education (b. 1811)
• September 24 – Karl von Prantl, German philosopher (b. 1820)
• October 16
  • John Wentworth, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1815)
  • Horatio Spafford, American author of the hymn "It Is Well With My Soul" (b. 1828)
• December 2 – Namık Kemal, Turkish patriotic poet, social reformer (b. 1840)
• December 3 – Carl Zeiss, Optician and founder of company now known as Carl Zeiss AG (b. 1816)
• December 31 – Samson Raphael Hirsch, German rabbi (b. 1808)